Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints of the body. It causes inflammation and pain, which can lead to loss of mobility and disability. Symptoms can range in severity and may fluctuate over time.

The exact cause of RA is unknown, but genetics, environmental factors, and immune system dysfunction are believed to play a role.

RA is commonly treated with medications that reduce inflammation and pain, slow joint damage, and improve physical function.

Some of these medications are known to increase the risk of infections, which can be a concern for people with RA who already have a compromised immune system. In fact, research has shown that some medications used to treat RA can increase the risk of infections by up to 30%. This article will discuss some of the medications used to treat RA that may increase infection risk.

Methotrexate

Methotrexate is a commonly prescribed medication for RA. It works by slowing down the production of cells that contribute to inflammation and joint damage. Methotrexate is usually taken once a week in a tablet form or as an injection.

While methotrexate can be an effective treatment for RA, it can increase the risk of infections such as pneumonia and viral infections.

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors

TNF inhibitors are a class of medications that block a protein called TNF, which is responsible for inflammation in the body. They are often prescribed in combination with methotrexate for people with moderate to severe RA.

Examples of TNF inhibitors include etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab. While these medications can be effective in reducing inflammation and pain, they can increase the risk of infections such as tuberculosis, fungal infections, and sepsis.

JAK Inhibitors

JAK inhibitors are a newer class of medications that target a family of enzymes called Janus kinases, which are involved in the process of inflammation. Examples of JAK inhibitors include tofacitinib and baricitinib.

While JAK inhibitors can be effective in treating RA, they can increase the risk of infections such as herpes zoster and upper respiratory infections.

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids are a type of steroid medication that reduce inflammation and swelling in the body. They are often prescribed in low doses for people with RA to improve symptoms such as stiffness and pain.

However, long-term use of corticosteroids can increase the risk of infections such as pneumonia and sepsis.

Biologic DMARDs

Biologic DMARDs are a class of medications that target specific aspects of the immune system in order to reduce inflammation and joint damage. Examples of biologic DMARDs include abatacept, rituximab, and tocilizumab.

While these medications can be effective in treating RA, they can increase the risk of infections such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and fungal infections.

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

NSAIDs are a class of medications that reduce pain and inflammation in the body. They are often prescribed in combination with other RA medications to provide relief of symptoms.

However, while NSAIDs do not directly increase infection risk, they can mask the symptoms of an infection, making it harder to diagnose and treat.

Conclusion

Medications used to treat RA can be effective in reducing inflammation, pain, and joint damage.

However, some of these medications can increase the risk of infections, which can be a concern for people with RA who already have a compromised immune system. It is important for people with RA to work closely with their healthcare provider to determine the best treatment plan for their individual needs.