Medications play a crucial role in treating various health conditions and improving quality of life. However, it’s important to be aware that some medications, while beneficial for overall health, can potentially harm hearing.

This article explores several commonly prescribed medications that fall into this category.

1. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

NSAIDs like ibuprofen and aspirin are widely used to alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, and manage fever.

While these medications are generally safe when used as directed, prolonged and excessive use can lead to ototoxicity, a condition characterized by hearing loss and tinnitus. Individuals with preexisting hearing problems or those taking high doses of NSAIDs may be more susceptible to the ototoxic effects.

2. Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

Aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin and streptomycin, are potent drugs used to treat severe bacterial infections. Although highly effective, these antibiotics can cause irreversible damage to the inner ear, leading to permanent hearing loss.

Monitoring of hearing function and dosage adjustments are essential when using aminoglycosides.

3. Loop Diuretics

Loop diuretics like furosemide and ethacrynic acid are commonly prescribed to manage conditions such as edema and high blood pressure.

While these medications are valuable in treating these conditions, they have been associated with temporary or permanent hearing loss, likely due to their impact on the delicate structures within the ear. Regular monitoring of hearing function is crucial during loop diuretic therapy.

4. Chemotherapy Drugs

Certain chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin and carboplatin, are known to cause ototoxicity as a side effect. These drugs are used in the treatment of various cancers.

The mechanisms of ototoxicity induced by chemotherapy drugs are complex and not fully understood. Regular audiological monitoring is essential for early detection of hearing damage to mitigate its progression.

5. Antidepressants

Some antidepressants, particularly tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), have been linked to hearing problems. TCAs, such as amitriptyline and nortriptyline, can cause tinnitus and other auditory disturbances.

The exact mechanisms of ototoxicity associated with TCAs are still unclear. Patients on these medications should report any changes in their hearing to their healthcare providers.

6. Antimalarial Drugs

Antimalarial medications like chloroquine and quinine are essential in preventing and treating malaria. However, in rare cases, these drugs have been associated with hearing loss and tinnitus.

The risk of ototoxicity with antimalarials appears to be dose-dependent, and monitoring hearing function is important during treatment.

7. Certain Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers

While over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers, like acetaminophen, are generally safe when used as directed, excessive or prolonged use can have ototoxic effects.

It is important to follow the recommended dosage and duration guidelines for these medications to mitigate any potential harm to hearing.

8. Erectile Dysfunction Medications

Medications used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, such as sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra), and tadalafil (Cialis), have been associated with potential hearing loss and tinnitus.

Although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, individuals taking these drugs should be aware of the potential ototoxic effects and promptly report any changes in their hearing.

9. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Eye Drops

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory eye drops, like ketorolac, are commonly used to treat eye inflammation and pain.

While topical administration significantly reduces the risk of systemic side effects, long-term use or accidental ingestion of these eye drops may have adverse effects on hearing. Patients should exercise caution and consult their healthcare provider if any concerns arise.

10. Statins

Statins are widely prescribed to manage high cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Although the association between statins and hearing loss is still being investigated, some studies suggest a potential link.

While the benefits of statin therapy in cardiovascular health outweigh the potential risks to hearing, individuals experiencing any changes in their hearing should consult their healthcare provider.

Conclusion

It’s crucial to understand that while certain medications may be necessary for maintaining overall health, they can have potential ototoxic effects and harm hearing.

Regular monitoring of hearing function and timely reporting of any changes are essential for early detection and management of ototoxicity. Healthcare professionals should carefully consider the potential risks and benefits of such medications, educating patients about the importance of monitoring and prompt reporting of any auditory symptoms.