An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a swelling or ballooning of the aorta—the largest artery in the abdomen that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

An aneurysm occurs when the walls of the blood vessel become weakened and stretched, causing a bulge or dilation that can rupture and cause life-threatening bleeding.

Who is at risk for AAA?

AAA is most common in older adults, particularly men over the age of 65. Other risk factors include:.

Smoking
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
Family history of AAA
Previous history of vascular disease
Being overweight or obese

What are the symptoms of AAA?

AAA often does not cause any symptoms, which is why it is sometimes called the “silent killer.” However, if the aneurysm becomes large enough, it can cause:.

A pulsing sensation in the abdomen
Steady, gnawing pain in the belly or lower back
Severe, ripping pain in the chest or back
Dizziness or fainting
Nausea and vomiting
Clammy, sweaty skin
Shortness of breath

How is AAA diagnosed?

AAA may be discovered during a routine physical exam or by imaging tests, such as an abdominal ultrasound, CT scan or MRI. If AAA is suspected, additional tests such as an angiogram may be ordered to determine the size and location of the aneurysm.

Why is it important to detect and treat AAA?

If an AAA ruptures, it can cause life-threatening bleeding and shock, which requires emergency medical treatment.

Only about 50% of patients with ruptured AAA survive, and those who do survive may have serious long-term complications, such as kidney damage and paralysis.

Screening for AAA is recommended for men ages 65-75 who have ever smoked, as well as men and women with a family history of AAA.

Early detection of AAA allows for monitoring and potentially life-saving treatment, which may include surgery or endovascular repair.

How is AAA treated?

The treatment for AAA depends on the size and location of the aneurysm. Small aneurysms may be monitored with regular imaging tests and lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and managing high blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

Larger aneurysms may require surgery or endovascular repair, which involves placing a stent or graft to reinforce the weakened blood vessel.

These procedures can be done through a minimally invasive approach, resulting in less pain, scarring and recovery time compared to open surgery.

How can AAA be prevented?

There are several steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of developing AAA, including:.

Quitting smoking
Eating a healthy diet
Maintaining a healthy weight
Exercising regularly
Managing high blood pressure and cholesterol
Seeking prompt medical attention for any symptoms of AAA
Following screening guidelines for AAA

Conclusion

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention. Early detection of AAA through screening can lead to life-saving treatment and improved outcomes.

Taking steps to prevent AAA through lifestyle changes and managing risk factors can also reduce the likelihood of developing this dangerous condition.