Anorexia Nervosa, commonly known as anorexia, is a serious eating disorder characterized by the obsession with weight loss, fear of gaining weight, and distorted body image. It is often prevalent in teenagers, particularly in adolescent girls.

Researches have found that an estimated 0.3%-0.5% of adolescent girls in Western countries develop anorexia, and it is the highest cause of mortality amongst all mental disorders.

The causes and risk factors of Anorexia in Adolescents

The exact reasons for the development of anorexia in adolescent girls are yet unknown, but there are several risk factors which can trigger the disorder, including:.

Influence of media

The media’s portrayal of beauty standards often creates an unrealistic and unhealthy outlook on body image, which can heavily impact adolescents’ perceptions of their body.

This can particularly influence adolescents who are already vulnerable to the disorder, leading to the development of anorexia.

Psychological factors

Low self-esteem, poor self-concept, a lack of control in life, and difficulty managing emotions are factors that can trigger and maintain the development of anorexia in adolescent girls.

Familial factors

Unsupportive family environments and family history of eating disorders can contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa.

Symptoms of Anorexia in Adolescents

Adolescents suffering from anorexia nervosa display several signs and symptoms that are categorized into physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms. Here are a few commonly seen symptoms:.

Physical symptoms

Weight loss
Fainting or feeling lightheaded
Cold intolerance
Decreased heart rate
Dry skin and hair

Emotional symptoms

Low self-esteem
Depression and anxiety
Emotional instability
Obsession with weight and body image
Denial of hunger or feelings of fullness

Behavioral symptoms

Restricting food intake
Irritability, restlessness, and insomnia
Avoiding food and social situations involving food
Exercising obsessively
Hoarding food or secretly disposing of it

Diagnosing and Treating Anorexia in Adolescents

Diagnosing anorexia nervosa requires a careful assessment and evaluation by a mental health professional as the diagnosis is based on a list of criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

Once diagnosed, the treatment approaches include:.

Medical treatment

Medical treatment and monitoring are necessary for adolescents with anorexia who have severe weight loss, malnutrition, and other related symptoms. Hospitalization may be necessary for some adolescents until their physical health stabilizes.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy is the most effective treatment method for anorexia nervosa and includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), family-based therapy, and other psychotherapy programs.

The focus of therapy is on correcting cognitive distortions related to body image, improving self-esteem, promoting healthy eating, and managing emotional health.

Medications

No specific medications can cure anorexia nervosa, but medications can help control some of the symptoms associated with the disorder, such as depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive disorders.

Preventing Anorexia in Adolescents

Creating a supportive and healthy environment for adolescents can aid in preventing the development of anorexia nervosa. Parents and caregivers can help by:.

Being good role models

Parents and caregivers can model positive self-esteem, a healthy relationship with food, and a positive body image to adolescent girls, creating a supportive and healthy environment for the development of self-esteem and good body image.

Educating adolescents

Providing adolescents with factual and accurate information about weight, nutrition, and body image can prevent the development of unrealistic beauty standards and the development of unhealthy habits.

Encouraging communication

Parents and caregivers must encourage open and honest communication with adolescent girls to express their feelings and emotions, particularly concerning self-esteem, body image, and healthy eating habits.

Conclusion

Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder that can significantly impact adolescent girls’ health and well-being. It is vital to recognize the signs and symptoms of the disorder and seek appropriate treatment options.

By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches of anorexia nervosa in adolescents, we can create a supportive and healthy environment that fosters self-esteem and promotes a positive body image.