Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the lining of the uterus, also known as the endometrium.

It is also called uterine cancer, but that term can be confusing as it may refer to cancer that forms in other parts of the uterus, such as the myometrium or cervix. Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female reproductive system, and it tends to occur more frequently in women who are postmenopausal.

Types of Endometrial Cancer

There are two main types of endometrial cancer:.

: Type 1

This type of endometrial cancer usually grows slowly and is typically diagnosed at an early stage. It is the most common type of endometrial cancer, accounting for about 80% of all cases.

Type 1 endometrial cancer is usually estrogen-dependent, meaning that it is stimulated by the hormone estrogen. Women with a history of endometrial hyperplasia, a condition that causes the lining of the uterus to grow too thick, are at a higher risk of developing type 1 endometrial cancer.

: Type 2

This type of endometrial cancer is less common than type 1, accounting for about 10-20% of all cases. It tends to be more aggressive and is often diagnosed at a later stage.

Unlike type 1, type 2 endometrial cancer is not usually estrogen-dependent and is not associated with endometrial hyperplasia. Women who are older, obese, or have a history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer may be at a higher risk of developing type 2 endometrial cancer.

Symptoms of Endometrial Cancer

The following symptoms may be associated with endometrial cancer:.

Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding between periods or after menopause
Abnormal discharge from the vagina
Pelvic pain or pressure
Pain during intercourse

It is important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, such as fibroids or infections. However, if you experience any of these symptoms, you should see your healthcare provider for an evaluation.

Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer

If you have symptoms that suggest endometrial cancer, your healthcare provider may recommend one or more of the following tests:.

: Transvaginal ultrasound

This test uses sound waves to create images of the uterus and ovaries. It can help identify any abnormalities, such as tumors or thickening of the endometrial lining.

: Endometrial biopsy

During this test, a small sample of tissue is taken from the lining of the uterus and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells. This can be done in your healthcare provider’s office.

: Hysteroscopy

This test involves inserting a thin, lighted instrument called a hysteroscope through the vagina and into the uterus. This allows your healthcare provider to examine the lining of the uterus and take a biopsy if necessary.

Treatment of Endometrial Cancer

The treatment of endometrial cancer depends on several factors, including the stage of the cancer, the type of cancer, and the patient’s overall health and preferences.

: Surgery

Surgery is often the first-line treatment for endometrial cancer. The goal of surgery is to remove the cancerous tissue and any surrounding tissue that may be affected. In some cases, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be necessary.

: Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells. It may be used after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells or as the primary treatment for certain cases of endometrial cancer.

: Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. It may be used in combination with surgery or radiation therapy, or as the primary treatment for advanced cases of endometrial cancer.

: Hormone therapy

Hormone therapy may be used to treat type 1 endometrial cancer, as these cancers are often estrogen-dependent. Hormone therapy works by blocking the effects of estrogen or reducing the amount of estrogen in the body.

Prevention of Endometrial Cancer

There are several steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing endometrial cancer:.

Maintain a healthy weight
Exercise regularly
Eat a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
Take birth control pills, which can reduce the risk of developing endometrial cancer
Consider the use of hormone therapy only if necessary, and for as short a period of time as possible

If you have a history of endometrial hyperplasia or other risk factors, talk to your healthcare provider about ways to reduce your risk of developing endometrial cancer.