Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a type of cancer that affects the colon or rectum.

Traditionally, it has been considered a disease of older adults, but recently there has been a concerning rise in the number of cases among young adults. This shift in the age group affected by colon cancer has raised questions about the possible risk factors contributing to this trend. In this article, we will explore the various risk factors associated with colon cancer in young adults.

1. Genetic Factors

One of the significant risk factors for colon cancer in young adults is genetic predisposition.

Certain inherited gene mutations, such as Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), and MYH-associated polyposis (MAP), increase the likelihood of developing colon cancer at a younger age. Individuals with a family history of these gene mutations should consider genetic counseling and testing.

2. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Young adults with inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease have a higher risk of developing colon cancer.

Chronic inflammation of the colon due to these conditions can lead to the development of abnormal cells and eventually progress to cancer. Regular screenings and close monitoring are crucial for early detection and timely intervention.

3. Unhealthy Lifestyle

The adoption of an unhealthy lifestyle can have long-term consequences, including an increased risk of colon cancer.

Factors such as a poor diet, sedentary behavior, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can all contribute to the development of colon cancer in young adults. Making healthy lifestyle choices, such as maintaining a balanced diet and engaging in regular physical activity, can help reduce the risk.

4. Family History

A family history of colon cancer or polyps can significantly increase the risk for young adults. If a first-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child) has had colon cancer or certain types of polyps, the chances of developing the disease are higher.

Regular screenings and early detection become even more crucial in individuals with a family history of colon cancer.

5. Race and Ethnicity

Studies have indicated that certain racial and ethnic groups, such as African Americans and Ashkenazi Jews, have a higher risk of developing colon cancer at a younger age.

The specific reasons for these disparities have not been fully understood yet but may involve a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.

6. Environmental Factors

Exposure to certain environmental factors can also contribute to an increased risk of colon cancer in young adults. These factors include industrial pollution, air and water contaminants, and certain chemicals.

Limiting exposure to these pollutants and maintaining a clean and safe environment can help reduce the risk.

7. Delayed Diagnosis

One significant factor contributing to the rise of colon cancer in young adults is the delay in diagnosis.

As colon cancer was traditionally associated with older age groups, symptoms in young adults may often be misattributed to other less serious conditions. This delay in diagnosis can lead to more advanced stages of cancer at the time of detection, requiring more aggressive treatment.

8. Lack of Screening

Screening for colon cancer is typically recommended for individuals aged 50 and above. However, due to the rising incidence in young adults, experts suggest that earlier screening may be necessary, especially for those with risk factors.

Lack of awareness about the potential risk and the need for early screening among young adults contribute to the underutilization of screening tests, resulting in missed opportunities for early detection.

9. Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC)

Also known as Lynch syndrome, HNPCC is an inherited condition that increases the risk of developing colon cancer. Individuals with HNPCC have a significantly higher chance of developing colon cancer at a young age, often before the age of 50.

Genetic counseling and testing are recommended for individuals with a family history of HNPCC.

10. Lack of Awareness and Education

Overall, the lack of awareness and education about colon cancer among young adults can contribute to the rise in cases.

Many young adults do not consider themselves to be at risk and may not be familiar with the potential signs and symptoms of colon cancer. Increasing awareness and education about colon cancer and its risk factors can help promote proactive measures for prevention and early detection.