The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located on both sides of the spine. They play a vital role in removing waste products from the blood and maintaining the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body.

Kidney diseases affect millions of people worldwide, and many of them go undetected until they reach the advanced stage. In this article, we will discuss the five most common kidney diseases that you need to know about.

: 1. Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition where the kidney function gradually declines over time. The kidneys can no longer filter the waste products from the blood effectively, leading to a buildup of toxins in the body.

Symptoms such as fatigue, swelling, and high blood pressure may appear in the advanced stages. The causes of CKD include diabetes, high blood pressure, and family history of kidney disease.

: 2. Kidney Stones

Kidney stones are small, hard deposits that form in the kidneys and may cause severe pain when they pass through the urinary tract. They are usually made up of calcium, oxalate, and uric acid.

Risk factors for kidney stones include dehydration, obesity, and a diet high in salt and animal protein. Drinking plenty of water, avoiding excessive salt, and reducing consumption of animal protein can help prevent kidney stones.

: 3. Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis refers to inflammation of the tiny blood vessels inside the kidney, called glomeruli. This can result in leakage of blood and protein into the urine, leading to symptoms such as swelling, high blood pressure, and dark urine.

The causes of glomerulonephritis include infections, autoimmune disorders, and certain medications.

: 4. Polycystic Kidney Disease

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder where numerous cysts develop in the kidney, leading to kidney damage and eventual kidney failure. The symptoms of PKD include high blood pressure, abdominal pain, and blood in the urine.

PKD can only be treated with supportive care, such as managing blood pressure and preventing infections.

: 5. Acute Kidney Injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden loss of kidney function due to damage to the kidney tissue. This can be caused by severe infection, dehydration, or medications such as NSAIDs and antibiotics.

The symptoms of AKI include fatigue, fluid retention, and decreased urine output. If left untreated, AKI can lead to chronic kidney disease or even kidney failure.

: Conclusion

Kidney diseases are prevalent among people of all ages, and early detection is crucial for preventing complications.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, can reduce the risk of kidney diseases. It is also essential to have regular check-ups with your healthcare provider and follow their advice to keep your kidneys healthy.