Meniscus surgery is a common procedure performed to repair or remove the damaged meniscus, a crescent-shaped cartilage in the knee. It is usually done to alleviate pain and restore normal knee function.

However, recent studies have shown that arthritis is more likely to develop after meniscus surgery.

Understanding the meniscus

The menisci are located in the knee joint and act as shock absorbers, providing stability and cushioning the joints during movement. Each knee has two menisci, the medial meniscus on the inside of the knee and the lateral meniscus on the outside.

When the meniscus gets damaged due to injury or degeneration, it can result in pain, swelling, and restricted mobility.

Meniscus tears are common among athletes, especially those who participate in sports that involve twisting or sudden changes in direction, such as basketball or soccer.

The purpose of meniscus surgery

Meniscus surgery is typically performed to either repair the damaged meniscus or remove the torn portion.

The decision to repair or remove the meniscus depends on various factors such as the location, size, and type of tear, as well as the patient’s age and activity level.

Arthroscopic surgery is the most common approach for meniscus surgery. During this minimally invasive procedure, tiny incisions are made around the knee, and a small camera called an arthroscope is inserted to visualize and treat the problem.

Arthritis risk after meniscus surgery

While meniscus surgery aims to relieve pain and improve knee function, recent research has shown an increased risk of developing arthritis after the procedure. Arthritis is a chronic condition that causes inflammation and degeneration of the joints.

A study published in the journal Arthritis Research & Therapy found that individuals who underwent meniscus surgery had a higher prevalence of osteoarthritis compared to those who did not undergo surgery.

The study followed patients for up to ten years, and the results indicated that meniscus surgery was associated with an increased risk of knee osteoarthritis.

Another study published in the New England Journal of Medicine observed similar findings.

The researchers found that arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, a common type of meniscus surgery, was not associated with improved function or pain relief compared to non-surgical treatments. Furthermore, the study revealed that individuals who underwent the surgery had an increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis.

Factors contributing to arthritis risk

The increased risk of arthritis after meniscus surgery can be attributed to several factors:.

1. Meniscal tissue removal

During meniscus surgery, the torn portion of the meniscus may need to be removed if it cannot be repaired.

However, even partial removal of the meniscus can disrupt the delicate balance within the knee joint, increasing the load on the articular cartilage and leading to joint degeneration over time.

2. Altered joint mechanics

Meniscus surgery can alter the biomechanics of the knee joint. The meniscus plays a crucial role in load distribution and shock absorption, and its removal or partial removal can lead to abnormal forces on the articular surfaces.

These altered forces can accelerate joint degeneration and increase the risk of developing arthritis.

3. Pre-existing conditions

Individuals who require meniscus surgery often have pre-existing risk factors for joint degeneration, such as previous injuries, ligament instability, or excessive body weight.

These factors, combined with the surgical intervention, can further contribute to the development of arthritis.

4. Surgical technique

The outcome of meniscus surgery can also be influenced by the surgical technique used. Poorly performed surgeries or inadequate rehabilitation post-surgery can potentially increase the risk of complications and subsequent arthritis development.

Preventing arthritis after meniscus surgery

While the increased risk of arthritis after meniscus surgery is a concerning reality, there are strategies that can help reduce the chances of developing this condition:.

1. Meniscus repair over removal

Whenever possible, meniscus repair should be considered instead of removal. Repairing the meniscus helps preserve its function and minimizes the risk of developing arthritis.

Not all tears are suitable for repair, but advances in surgical techniques have made it possible to repair more complex tears successfully.

2. Rehabilitation and physical therapy

Following meniscus surgery, rehabilitation and physical therapy are crucial for a successful recovery. Specific exercises can help strengthen the muscles around the knee, improve stability, and enhance joint function.

These measures can aid in reducing stress on the joint and minimizing the risk of arthritis.

3. Weight management

Maintaining a healthy weight is essential for reducing stress on the knee joint. Excessive body weight places additional strain on the joint, increasing the risk of joint degeneration and arthritis.

Adopting a balanced diet and engaging in regular physical activity can contribute to weight management and overall joint health.

4. Avoiding high-impact activities

Participating in high-impact activities that place excessive stress on the knee joint can accelerate joint degeneration.

Opting for low-impact exercises, such as swimming or cycling, can be beneficial in protecting the knee joint and reducing the risk of arthritis.

5. Regular check-ups

Regular check-ups with a healthcare professional are essential, especially for individuals who have undergone meniscus surgery.

Monitoring the knee joint for any signs of arthritis or joint degeneration can help detect changes early on and allow for prompt intervention and treatment.

Conclusion

Meniscus surgery is a common procedure performed to address meniscal tears and alleviate knee pain. However, recent studies have highlighted the increased risk of developing arthritis after meniscus surgery.

The removal or partial removal of the meniscus, altered joint mechanics, pre-existing conditions, and surgical technique can all contribute to this risk.

To reduce the chances of developing arthritis after meniscus surgery, meniscus repair should be favored over removal, rehabilitation should be diligently followed, weight should be managed, high-impact activities should be avoided, and regular check-ups are necessary. By adopting these preventive measures, individuals can improve their chances of maintaining joint health and reducing the risk of arthritis.