Diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the world, affecting millions of people of all ages and backgrounds. However, it is important to note that not all types of diabetes are created equal.

In fact, there are five distinct diseases that fall under the umbrella of diabetes, each with their own specific causes, symptoms, and treatments. Here, we break down these five separate diseases and what you need to know about them.

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes, which is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes, is an autoimmune disorder that typically develops in childhood.

With type 1 diabetes, the pancreas produces little to no insulin, which is the hormone that allows glucose to enter cells and be used for energy. As a result, people with type 1 diabetes need to inject insulin throughout the day to regulate their blood sugar levels. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes include frequent urination, extreme thirst, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for around 90% of all cases.

Unlike type 1 diabetes, which is caused by an autoimmune response, type 2 diabetes is largely due to lifestyle factors such as obesity, poor diet, and lack of exercise. In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas still produces insulin, but the body becomes resistant to it and is unable to use it effectively. As a result, blood sugar levels rise, leading to a range of health complications.

Symptoms of type 2 diabetes may include frequent urination, blurred vision, slow-healing sores or cuts, and numbness or tingling in the hands and feet.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. It is caused by hormonal changes that make it harder for the body to use insulin effectively.

Gestational diabetes usually resolves on its own after giving birth, but it can increase the risk of complications during pregnancy, such as preeclampsia and preterm labor. Women who have had gestational diabetes are also at higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young, or MODY, is a rare form of diabetes that typically develops before the age of 25. It is caused by genetic mutations that affect insulin production.

MODY is often misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes, but it requires different management strategies. Symptoms of MODY may include frequent urination, blurred vision, and fatigue.

LADA Diabetes

LADA diabetes, or latent autoimmune diabetes of adults, is a type of diabetes that is often mistaken for type 2 diabetes. Like type 1 diabetes, LADA is an autoimmune disorder that causes the body to attack its own insulin-producing cells.

However, LADA typically develops later in life, and its symptoms may be less severe than those of type 1 diabetes. Unlike type 1 diabetes, people with LADA may be able to manage their blood sugar levels with oral medication for a period of time before eventually requiring insulin injections.

Understanding the differences between these five separate diseases that fall under the umbrella of diabetes is crucial for effective diagnosis, treatment, and management.

If you are experiencing any symptoms of diabetes, or have a family history of the disease, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and management.