Blood in stool can be a frightening experience, but it is not always a sign of a serious health issue. However, if it is a frequent occurrence, it may indicate an underlying medical condition.

The color of the blood, its consistency, and the location in the digestive tract all provide important clues to its cause. Here are some of the most common causes of blood in stool:.

1. Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids, or swollen veins in the rectum or anus, are a common cause of blood in stool. The blood is usually bright red and appears on the toilet paper or in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement.

Hemorrhoids often occur due to straining during bowel movements, chronic diarrhea or constipation, obesity, or pregnancy. Mild cases of hemorrhoids can be treated with over-the-counter remedies, but severe cases may require medical attention.

2. Anal Fissures

An anal fissure is a small tear in the lining of the anus, usually caused by passing hard stools. The bleeding is usually bright red and the pain can be severe.

Anal fissures can be treated with topical creams or ointments, stool softeners, and by keeping the area clean and dry. In severe cases, surgery may be required.

3. Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract. There are two main types of IBD: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Blood in stool is a common symptom of both types of IBD, along with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. IBD is typically treated with medication, dietary changes, and in severe cases, surgery.

4. Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis is a condition in which pockets or bulges (diverticula) form in the lining of the colon and become infected or inflamed. Blood in stool can occur when the diverticula burst and bleed.

Other symptoms of diverticulitis include abdominal pain, fever, and nausea. Mild cases can be treated with antibiotics and a liquid or low-fiber diet. Severe cases may require hospitalization.

5. Colon Cancer

Colon cancer is a serious condition that can cause bloody or dark stool. Other symptoms include abdominal pain, weight loss, and changes in bowel habits.

Related Article Bloody stool: 8 potential causes

Colon cancer is typically diagnosed with a colonoscopy, and treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

6. Polyps

Polyps are small growths that can form on the lining of the colon or rectum. While most polyps are benign, some can develop into cancer over time. Blood in stool is a common symptom of polyps, along with changes in bowel habits and abdominal pain.

Polyps can be removed during a colonoscopy and examined for signs of cancer.

7. Peptic Ulcers

Peptic ulcers are sores that form in the lining of the stomach or small intestine. Blood in stool can occur when the ulcers bleed. Other symptoms of peptic ulcers include abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Peptic ulcers can be treated with medication and dietary changes.

8. Esophageal Varices

Esophageal varices are enlarged veins in the esophagus that can occur in people with liver disease. These veins can burst and cause bloody vomit or stools. Other symptoms of esophageal varices include abdominal pain and swelling, and jaundice.

Treatment for esophageal varices may involve medication, surgery, or a combination of both.

9. Anal Cancer

Anal cancer is a rare form of cancer that can cause blood in stool, along with changes in bowel habits and a feeling of fullness in the rectum. It is typically diagnosed with a biopsy and may be treated with surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.