Newborn babies are delicate and vulnerable to various infections that can be harmful or even fatal. Immature immune systems, combined with exposure to microorganisms, make infants susceptible to a wide range of illnesses.

Some infections are preventable by following basic hygiene practices, while others require prompt medical attention. In this article, we will discuss some of the dangerous infections that newborns can contract and how to prevent them.

Hospital-Acquired Infections

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are infections acquired by patients during their hospital stay. Newborns are especially vulnerable to HAIs because of their weak immune systems and prolonged hospital stays in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

The most common HAIs in infants are respiratory infections, bloodstream infections, and urinary tract infections.

Sepsis

Sepsis is a life-threatening infection that occurs when bacteria or other pathogens enter the bloodstream. Infants who are born prematurely, have low birth weight, or have invasive medical devices are at increased risk of developing sepsis.

The symptoms of sepsis in newborns include fever, low body temperature, difficulty breathing, and poor feeding. Immediate medical attention is necessary to prevent the spread of infection to other organs.

Meningitis

Meningitis is an infection of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Newborns can contract meningitis from bacteria that are passed from their mother during delivery or from exposure to bacteria in the hospital.

The symptoms of meningitis in newborns include fever, vomiting, poor feeding, and a high-pitched cry. If left untreated, meningitis can lead to brain damage, hearing loss, and even death.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Newborns who are born prematurely or have a weakened immune system are at increased risk of developing pneumonia.

Symptoms of pneumonia in newborns include fever, rapid breathing, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Pneumonia can be severe and requires immediate medical attention to prevent complications.

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Newborns can contract HBV from their infected mother during delivery. The most common symptoms of hepatitis B in infants include jaundice and poor feeding.

In some cases, hepatitis B can lead to liver damage and liver cancer. Vaccinating pregnant women against HBV and giving the newborn a dose of the hepatitis B vaccine shortly after birth can help prevent infection.

Tetanus

Tetanus is a bacterial infection that affects the nervous system. Newborns can contract tetanus from umbilical cord infections. Symptoms of tetanus in newborns include stiffness in the jaw and neck muscles, difficulty feeding, and convulsions.

If left untreated, tetanus can lead to respiratory failure and death.

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection that can be contracted by handling cat litter or consuming undercooked meat. Pregnant women who contract toxoplasmosis can pass the infection to their unborn baby.

Symptoms of toxoplasmosis in newborns include fever, seizures, and yellowing of the skin and eyes. To prevent toxoplasmosis, pregnant women should avoid handling cat litter and cook meat thoroughly.

Influenza

Influenza, also known as the flu, is a viral infection that affects the respiratory system. Newborns are at risk of developing severe flu symptoms, such as fever, coughing, and difficulty breathing.

The flu can be life-threatening in infants, particularly those under six months of age. Pregnant women and household members should get vaccinated against the flu to protect newborns.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

CMV is a common virus that can be transmitted through bodily fluids, such as urine, saliva, and breast milk. Newborns can contract CMV from their mother during pregnancy or delivery.

Most infants with CMV are asymptomatic, but some may develop symptoms such as hearing loss, vision problems, and developmental delays. There is no vaccine for CMV, but practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently, can reduce the risk of infection.

Pertussis

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a bacterial infection that affects the respiratory system. Newborns who contract pertussis are at risk of developing severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, seizures, and pneumonia.

Vaccinating pregnant women against pertussis and ensuring that household members are up-to-date on their pertussis vaccine can help prevent the spread of the infection to newborns.