Periodic disorders or menstrual disorders are a common health problem affecting millions of women around the world. A menstrual disorder is any kind of abnormal or irregular bleeding which occurs outside the normal menstruation cycle.

According to research, about 14% to 25% of women experience menstrual disorders at some point in their lives.

There are various causes of menstrual disorders ranging from hormonal imbalances to psychological factors. In this article, we will explore the top 12 causes of periodic disorders and how to manage them.

1. Hormonal Imbalances

The menstrual cycle is regulated by hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. Any imbalance in these hormones can lead to menstrual disorders. Hormonal imbalances can be caused by stress, weight fluctuations, hyperthyroidism, or hypothyroidism.

2. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects about 5% to 10% of women of reproductive age. This condition causes small cysts to grow on the ovaries, leading to hormonal imbalances that cause irregular periods, weight gain, and other symptoms.

3. Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are benign growths on the uterus that can cause heavy or prolonged bleeding during menstruation. They are a common condition affecting up to 80% of women by the age of 50.

4. Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a chronic condition where the tissue that lines the uterus grows outside of it. This can cause painful periods, heavy bleeding, and sometimes infertility.

5. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

PID is an infection of the reproductive organs that can cause inflammation and scar tissue. This can interfere with the normal functioning of the reproductive system, causing menstrual disorders.

6. Stress and Anxiety

Stress and anxiety can disrupt the hormonal balance in the body, leading to menstrual disorders. Women who experience high levels of stress are more likely to experience irregular periods or missed periods.

7. Thyroid Disorders

Both hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid gland) and hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid gland) can interfere with the menstrual cycle.

Hyperthyroidism can cause periods to be lighter or non-existent, while hypothyroidism can cause heavy or prolonged periods.

8. Blood Clotting Disorders

Disorders that affect blood clotting can lead to heavy or prolonged bleeding during menstruation. These disorders include von Willebrand disease or other clotting factor deficiencies.

9. Medications

Some medications, such as blood thinners, can interfere with the menstrual cycle. Women who are taking medication should speak to their healthcare provider about any possible effects on their menstrual cycle.

10. Cancer

In rare cases, menstrual disorders may be a sign of gynecological cancer, such as endometrial or cervical cancer. Women who experience abnormal bleeding should speak to their healthcare provider to rule out any serious underlying conditions.

11. Birth Control

Some forms of birth control can cause menstrual disorders as a side effect. This includes intrauterine devices (IUDs), hormonal birth control pills, and certain forms of contraception.

12. Perimenopause and Menopause

As women approach menopause, their hormone levels begin to fluctuate, causing irregular periods or periods that are heavier or lighter than usual. Menopause is defined as the end of menstruation, and most women reach this stage in their early 50s.

Conclusion

Menstrual disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, ranging from hormonal imbalances to psychological stress.

It is important for women to be aware of the potential causes of menstrual disorders and to promptly seek medical advice if they experience any abnormal bleeding.

Managing menstrual disorders involves identifying the underlying cause and addressing it appropriately. In some cases, lifestyle changes such as reducing stress or maintaining a healthy weight may be enough to regulate menstrual cycles.

In other cases, hormone therapy or other medical treatments may be necessary.