Hepatitis B is a serious viral infection that affects the liver. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and spreads through contaminated body fluids.

Hepatitis B is a leading cause of liver cancer and responsible for millions of deaths worldwide each year. Despite the seriousness of the condition, many people are unaware they are infected with HBV and go undiagnosed.

This article will explore the risks associated with hepatitis B, how to recognize the symptoms, and what can be done to prevent the infection.

Risk Factors

Hepatitis B is highly contagious and can spread through contact with infected blood, semen, or other body fluids. Anyone can contract the virus, but certain groups are at a higher risk of infection, including:.

Infants born to infected mothers
People who have unprotected sex with an infected person
People who share needles or other injection equipment
Healthcare workers who are exposed to infected blood or body fluids
People who live with someone who has chronic hepatitis B
People who have traveled to areas with high rates of hepatitis B infection

Symptoms of Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B symptoms can range from mild to severe and may not appear until several weeks after infection. Some people may not experience any symptoms at all. Common symptoms of hepatitis B include:.

Fever
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal pain
Dark urine
Clay-colored stools
Joint pain
Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)

Complications of Hepatitis B

If left untreated, hepatitis B can lead to serious complications, such as:.

Cirrhosis: scarring of the liver
Liver failure: the liver stops functioning
Liver cancer: cancerous growths on the liver

Prevention

There are several ways to prevent the spread of hepatitis B:.

Vaccination: the hepatitis B vaccine is a safe and effective way to prevent infection
Practice safe sex: use condoms during sexual activity
Do not share needles or other injection equipment
Use caution when getting tattoos or body piercings: make sure the equipment is sterile
Be cautious when handling blood or blood products: wear gloves and dispose of needles properly

Treatment

If you are diagnosed with hepatitis B, your doctor will recommend a treatment plan based on the severity of your condition. Treatment may include:.

Antiviral medication: to reduce the amount of virus in the body and prevent damage to the liver
Liver transplant: for people with advanced liver damage

Conclusion

Hepatitis B is a serious condition that can have long-term consequences if left untreated. It is important to be aware of the risks and take precautions to prevent infection.

If you are concerned about your risk or experiencing symptoms of hepatitis B, talk to your doctor.