Cervical polyps are a common gynaecological problem in women. They are known as small growths that occur on the cervix. They are mostly benign or noncancerous, but in rare cases, they may signal cancer as well.

In most cases, cervical polyps do not cause any symptoms, and some are noticed only when you go for a routine gynaecological exam. In this article, we will discuss everything you need to know about cervical polyps.

What are cervical polyps?

Cervical polyps are growths that hang from the cervix, which is the narrow end of the uterus that protrudes into the vagina. They are usually cherry-red to purple in colour and may vary in size from a few millimetres to several centimetres.

What are the causes of cervical polyps?

The exact cause of cervical polyps remains unknown. However, there are a few factors that might contribute to their formation, such as:.

Hormonal changes: During pregnancy or menopause, the levels of estrogen and progesterone hormones fluctuate, which may lead to cervical polyps.
Chronic inflammation: Conditions such as chronic cervicitis or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may also contribute to the formation of cervical polyps.
Age: Women who are in their 40s and 50s are more prone to cervical polyps as compared to younger women.

What are the symptoms of cervical polyps?

Cervical polyps mostly do not cause any symptoms, and some are detected only on the routine gynaecological exam. However, some women may experience the following symptoms:.

Irregular or heavy bleeding during periods
Abnormal vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse
Unusual vaginal discharge
Pain during sexual intercourse
Pelvic pain or pressure

How are cervical polyps diagnosed?

If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above, you should see your gynaecologist immediately. Your gynaecologist may perform a pelvic exam to check if there are any cervical polyps.

During the exam, your doctor might use a speculum to gently open your vagina and look for polyps on your cervix. If your doctor suspects that you have cervical polyps, he/she may order additional tests such as:.

Ultrasound: This test uses high-frequency soundwaves to create images of your internal organs, including the uterus and cervix.
Colposcopy: This test uses a colposcope, which is a special microscope that provides a more detailed view of the cervix.
Biopsy: In this procedure, your doctor will take a sample of the tissue from the polyp to send it for further examination.

What are the treatment options for cervical polyps?

If you have small cervical polyps, your gynaecologist might choose to monitor them closely and observe any changes. However, if you have multiple, large or symptomatic polyps, your doctor may recommend the following treatment options:.

Polypectomy: In this procedure, your doctor will remove the polyps with the help of grasping forceps and scissors. It is an outpatient procedure and takes only a few minutes.
Cone biopsy: If there is a suspicion of cancer, your gynaecologist may carry out a cone biopsy, which involves removing a cone-shaped piece of tissue from the cervix for further testing.
Hysterectomy: In rare cases, if the polyps keep recurring or if there is a suspicion of cancer, your doctor may recommend the removal of the uterus, which is known as a hysterectomy.

Can cervical polyps lead to cancer?

Cervical polyps are usually benign, and less than 1% of cases lead to cancer. However, it is essential to get a timely diagnosis and treatment of cervical polyps to rule out the risk of cancer.

How can cervical polyps be prevented?

There are no specific steps to prevent cervical polyps from occurring. However, you can reduce your risk of developing cervical polyps by:.

Practising safe sex
Maintaining good hygiene during menstruation
Getting regular gynaecological checkups

Conclusion

Cervical polyps are a common gynaecological problem in women. Although most are benign, it is crucial to get a timely diagnosis and treatment of cervical polyps to prevent any potential complications.

If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above or have concerns about cervical polyps, please consult your gynaecologist immediately.