According to the World Health Organization (WHO), miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy. One out of four women may experience a miscarriage during pregnancy.

This can be emotionally and physically devastating for the mother and the family. There are many potential causes of miscarriage, and one possible link recently under investigation is the use of anxiolytic medication during pregnancy.

What are Anxiolytics?

Anxiolytics are used to treat anxiety and anxiety-related disorders. They are also used to treat some sleep disorders, seizure disorders, and muscle spasms.

The most commonly used anxiolytics include benzodiazepines, which include drugs such as lorazepam, alprazolam, and diazepam, and Z-drugs, which include zolpidem and zopiclone.

The Risks of Anxiolytic Use During Pregnancy

Research has shown that the use of anxiolytics during pregnancy may increase the risk of miscarriage.

A 2010 study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology found that women who took anxiolytics during the first trimester of pregnancy had a significantly increased risk of miscarriage compared to women who did not take these medications. This risk was particularly high for women who took benzodiazepines.

Another study conducted in Denmark and published in the journal, Obstetrics and Gynecology, found that the use of anxiolytics during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of stillbirth.

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Women who took anxiolytics during pregnancy were also more likely to have a preterm birth or give birth to a low birth weight infant.

Why Might Anxiolytics Increase the Risk of Miscarriage?

The exact mechanisms by which anxiolytics increase the risk of miscarriage are not fully understood. It is believed that anxiolytics may interfere with the function of the placenta, which is the organ that supplies the fetus with nutrients and oxygen.

Another possible explanation is that anxiolytics may affect the hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy, which could contribute to the risk of miscarriage.

Alternatives to Anxiolytics During Pregnancy

For women who may be struggling with anxiety during pregnancy, there are alternatives to anxiolytics that may be safer for the developing fetus. These include psychotherapy, exercise, and relaxation techniques such as deep breathing and meditation.

For severe cases of anxiety, medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) may be considered. These medications are not without risks, however, and should only be used under the careful supervision of a healthcare provider.

Conclusion

While anxiolytics have proven effective for treating anxiety disorders, their use during pregnancy may increase the risk of miscarriage or other complications.

Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should consult with their healthcare provider about the risks and benefits of using anxiolytics during pregnancy. Alternatives to anxiolytics, such as psychotherapy and relaxation techniques, should be considered whenever possible.