Bicarbonate, also known as hydrogen carbonate, is a chemical compound that plays an important role in regulating the pH balance in our body. It is naturally found in our blood, pancreas, and kidneys.

Bicarbonate is produced by the kidneys and helps to remove acid from the blood and dispose of it through the urine. However, recent studies have suggested that there may be a link between high levels of bicarbonate and premature death. In this article, we will explore this link in more detail.

What is Bicarbonate?

Bicarbonate is an anion with the molecular formula of HCO3-. It is formed when carbon dioxide (CO2) reacts with water (H2O) in the blood plasma. This reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase.

The bicarbonate produced in this reaction acts as a buffer to neutralize excess acid in the blood. This helps to maintain the pH balance in our body, which is critical for normal cellular function.

What are the Normal Levels of Bicarbonate in the Blood?

The normal range of bicarbonate in the blood is between 22 and 28 mmol/L. However, the actual normal range may vary depending on the laboratory and the methods used to measure it. A person’s bicarbonate level can be measured by a blood test.

A low bicarbonate level is called metabolic acidosis, while a high level is called metabolic alkalosis.

The Link Between Bicarbonate and Premature Death

A study published in the British Medical Journal in 2017 found that individuals with higher levels of bicarbonate in their blood had a significantly higher risk of premature death. The study followed over 2,500 individuals for an average of 7.5 years.

The researchers found that for every 1 mmol/L increase in bicarbonate level, there was a 26% increase in the risk of premature death.

The study also found that high bicarbonate levels were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly in individuals with already existing risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity.

The researchers suggested that high bicarbonate levels may be an early warning sign of underlying health problems such as kidney disease or heart failure.

What Could be Causing High Levels of Bicarbonate?

There are several potential factors that could be contributing to high levels of bicarbonate in the blood, including:.

Kidney disease: The kidneys are responsible for producing bicarbonate and removing acid from the blood. If the kidneys are not functioning properly, they may produce too much bicarbonate, leading to high levels in the blood.
Chronic respiratory acidosis: This is a condition where the lungs are unable to remove enough carbon dioxide from the body, causing the blood to become too acidic. The kidneys compensate by producing more bicarbonate, which can lead to high blood levels.
Medications: Certain medications, such as bicarbonate-containing antacids or diuretics, can increase bicarbonate levels in the blood.

What Are the Symptoms of High Bicarbonate Levels?

High bicarbonate levels may not cause any symptoms on their own. However, if they are caused by an underlying health problem, the symptoms of that condition may be present. Symptoms of kidney disease, for example, may include:.

Reduced urine output
Swelling in the legs and ankles
Fatigue
Nausea
Vomiting

How Can High Bicarbonate Levels be Treated?

The treatment for high bicarbonate levels will depend on the underlying cause. If the high levels are caused by kidney disease or a respiratory condition, these underlying conditions will need to be treated.

In some cases, medication may need to be adjusted or discontinued to prevent further increases in bicarbonate levels.

It is important to always consult with a healthcare provider before making any changes to medication or treatment plans.

Conclusion

Bicarbonate is an important chemical compound in our body that helps to maintain the pH balance in our blood.

However, high levels of bicarbonate have been linked to an increased risk of premature death, particularly in individuals with existing risk factors for cardiovascular disease. While the exact cause of high bicarbonate levels can vary, it is important to monitor levels through regular blood tests and address any underlying health conditions.

Early detection and treatment can help to prevent complications and improve overall health.