Eye freckles, also known as choroidal nevi, are basically black or grey marks that appear in the choroid layer of the eye. These spots are mostly found in the back of the eye.

In general, choroidal nevi are hardly detectable unless you notice a black patch when observing your partner’s (or your own) eye. Sometimes these eye freckles can be harmless, while in other instances they may be a sign of an eye disease or other health conditions.

Causes of Eye Freckles

It’s not very clear why people develop eye freckles. It’s most common for those with blue or green eyes and for people who are over 40 years old. In most cases, they’re just a result of natural variations in the eye’s pigmentation.

But sometimes, they could be the outcome of other underlying diseases such as:.

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a common eye disorder that affects the elderly. It causes the cells in the macula to deteriorate, leading to vision loss. Individuals with choroidal nevi have a greater risk of developing AMD.

2. Choroidal Melanoma

Choroidal Melanoma is a type of cancer that develops in the eye. This cancer starts in the pigment-producing cells of the choroid layer. In most instances, patients who are diagnosed with this condition already have a choroidal nevus in the same eye.

3. Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome

Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome (OHS) is an ocular disease that happens when an individual inhales fungal spores in soil or bird droppings. It causes inflammation in the eye’s retina and may lead to permanent vision loss.

An indirect sign of Ocular Histoplasmosis could be the development of choroidal nevi.

4. Uveal Melanoma

Uveal Melanoma is an uncommon cancer that affects the melanocytes of the uveal tract. The uveal tract contains the choroid, ciliary body, and iris in the eyes. A choroidal nevus is the most common precursor of this melanoma.

Health Impacts of Eye Freckles

Most often, eye freckles have no impact on a person’s health. They are just minor variations common with some individuals. However, there is still a need to keep an eye on their development. Some of the things to watch out for include:.

1. Change in Size and Shape

If the eye freckles start changing shape or growing bigger, it could be an indication of underlying diseases, including choroidal melanoma. It’s essential to visit an eye doctor for an examination should you notice this.

2. Changes in Vision

Eye freckles don’t affect vision. However, if they progress to choroidal melanoma, patients may experience some vision changes. Signs of this would include blurred vision, visual distortions, or partial loss of vision.

When to See a Doctor

If you have never noticed any eye freckles before, seeing you suddenly notice them, or if any of the following occur, you must schedule an appointment with an optometrist as soon as possible:.

You start seeing floaters or flashes of light
Sudden loss of vision or severe vision changes
Pain in the eye

Early diagnosis is critical in the successful management of eye diseases. Prompt medical attention can help prevent severe complications that might lead to permanent vision loss or blindness.

Prevention Strategies

Since the exact causes of eye freckles are still unclear, there are no specific prevention strategies. Just like most diseases, living a healthy lifestyle might provide some help. This includes:.

Eating a balanced diet that is rich in essential nutrients such as vitamins A, B, C, and E
Avoiding smoking or staying away from people who smoke
Protecting your eyes from UV rays by wearing protective glasses
Regular eye examinations to keep your eyes in check

Conclusion

Eye freckles are a harmless variation that occurs in some individuals. While they hardly pose any health risks, it’s essential to keep an eye out for any changes in size, color, or shape.

If you notice any such changes or vision impairments, make sure to see an optometrist as soon as possible. Timely diagnosis is key to effective treatment and the maintenance of healthy eyes.