Gallstones are small, pebble-like substances that form in the gallbladder, which is a small, pear-shaped organ located just below the liver.

They are caused by a buildup of cholesterol, bile pigments or calcium salts in the gallbladder and can range in size from a grain of sand to a golf ball.

Who is susceptible to gallstones?

Gallstones are a common health problem in the United States, affecting approximately 10-15% of adults. Women are more susceptible to developing gallstones than men and individuals who are over the age of 60 are at a higher risk.

Other risk factors for gallstones include:.

Obesity or being overweight
Rapid weight loss
A diet high in fat or cholesterol
Lack of physical activity
Family history
Diabetes
Certain medications such as birth control pills and cholesterol-lowering drugs

The dangers of leaving gallstones unaddressed

If left untreated, gallstones can lead to a number of serious health conditions:.

1. Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is a painful inflammation of the gallbladder that is caused by a blockage of the cystic duct. The blockage is often caused by a gallstone. Symptoms of cholecystitis include abdominal pain, fever, and nausea and vomiting.

If left untreated, cholecystitis can lead to complications such as gangrene or perforation of the gallbladder, which can be life-threatening.

2. Jaundice

Jaundice is a yellowing of the skin and eyes that is caused by a buildup of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a waste product that is produced by the liver and normally removed from the body through the bile ducts.

If a gallstone becomes lodged in the bile duct, it can block the flow of bile and cause a backup of bilirubin in the blood. This can lead to jaundice, which can be a sign of a serious underlying condition.

3. Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis is a painful inflammation of the pancreas that can be caused by a gallstone. If a gallstone blocks the pancreatic duct, it can cause the digestive enzymes that are normally produced by the pancreas to back up into the pancreas.

This can lead to a dangerous inflammation of the pancreas. Symptoms of pancreatitis include abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and fever.

4. Gallbladder cancer

Although rare, gallbladder cancer can develop in individuals with gallstones. The risk of developing gallbladder cancer increases with age and with the presence of large gallstones.

Symptoms of gallbladder cancer include abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and unexplained weight loss.

Treatment and prevention of gallstones

The treatment for gallstones depends on the severity of the symptoms and the individual’s overall health. If an individual is experiencing mild or no symptoms, a doctor may recommend watchful waiting.

If the symptoms are severe, however, surgery may be necessary to remove the gallbladder.

Prevention of gallstones is possible by making certain lifestyle changes, including:.