Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a type of vasculitis that commonly affects the elderly population. It is also known as temporal arteritis because it typically affects the temporal artery, which is responsible for supplying blood to the head and eyes.

GCA causes inflammation and damage to the arterial walls, leading to reduced blood flow. This condition is a serious threat to vision, and can even cause irreversible blindness if left untreated.

Symptoms of Giant Cell Arteritis

The symptoms of giant cell arteritis can be vague and often mimic other conditions. It is important to recognize the symptoms early to reduce the risk of vision loss. Common symptoms of GCA include:.

Headaches, especially around the temples
Pain and tenderness in the scalp
Jaw pain while chewing
Fever
Loss of vision in one or both eyes
Blurred vision
Double vision
Scalp tenderness
Unexplained fatigue

Risk Factors of Giant Cell Arteritis

The exact cause of giant cell arteritis is unknown. However, there are certain risk factors that increase the chances of developing this condition.

Age over 50, with the chance of developing GCA increasing with age.
Being female, as GCA is more common in women than in men.
Having a family history of GCA, which increases the chances of developing the condition.
Caucasian ethnicity, as GCA is more common in this population.

Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis

The diagnosis of giant cell arteritis involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and several tests. Your healthcare provider may use the following tests:.

Blood tests – Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels are common in patients with GCA.
Temporal artery biopsy – A small sample of the temporal artery is taken and analyzed for signs of inflammation and damage.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – This test is used to detect inflammation in the cranial arteries, including the temporal arteries.
Ultrasound – Ultrasound can detect narrowing or blockages in the temporal arteries.

Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis

The treatment of giant cell arteritis typically involves high-dose corticosteroids, which help to reduce inflammation in the arteries. The treatment may last for months to years, and the dosage is gradually tapered off.

Other medications, such as immunosuppressants, may be used in combination with corticosteroids to maintain remission. It is important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions closely and go for regular check-ups to monitor the condition.

Prevention of Giant Cell Arteritis

There is no definite way to prevent giant cell arteritis, but there are certain lifestyle changes that can reduce the risk of developing this condition:.

Eat a healthy diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Exercise regularly to maintain a healthy weight and improve circulation.
Avoid smoking as it increases the risk of developing GCA.

Conclusion

Giant cell arteritis is a serious condition that can threaten your vision. It is important to recognize the symptoms early and seek medical attention promptly.

Proper treatment and regular follow-up can help to manage the condition and prevent vision loss.