Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection which primarily affects the lungs, but can also impact the brain, spine and other body parts.

The disease, which spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, is a major public health concern worldwide. In fact, TB is one of the top 10 causes of death globally, and it is estimated that over 10 million people were affected by TB in 2019.

The Extent of the Problem

TB is particularly prevalent in low and middle-income countries, with more than 95% of TB deaths occurring in these countries. In fact, India has the highest number of TB cases in the world, followed by China and Indonesia.

However, there has also been a significant rise in TB cases in high-income countries, particularly due to increased migration.

The city of London in the UK, for example, has seen a 40% rise in TB cases over the past five years, with over 3,500 cases reported in 2019 alone. Similarly, the United States reported over 9,000 cases of TB in 2019.

The Impact of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the problem of TB, with countries struggling to manage both diseases at the same time.

In fact, the World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to a setback of 5-8 years in the fight against TB, undoing decades of progress made in TB prevention and treatment.

Lockdowns, social distancing measures and other COVID-related restrictions have also made it difficult for people to access TB diagnosis and treatment services.

In many cases, TB patients have been unable to travel to health facilities for fear of contracting COVID-19, while many health facilities have been repurposed for COVID-19 care, leaving limited resources for TB treatment.

The Need for Action

With the rise in TB cases and the added impact of COVID-19, it is clear that urgent action is needed to address the problem.

The WHO is calling on governments to prioritize TB prevention and treatment services, particularly in countries with a high burden of TB. This includes ensuring that people with TB symptoms can access diagnostic services and receive appropriate treatment.

TB is a preventable and curable disease, but it requires a coordinated effort from governments, health organizations and communities.

This includes increasing access to treatment, promoting TB awareness and vaccination, and working towards a world free of TB.

The Road Ahead

Despite the challenges, there have been some positive developments in TB prevention and treatment in recent years.

For example, the WHO launched a new global strategy for TB prevention and treatment in 2018, with the aim of reducing TB deaths by 90% and new cases by 80% by 2030. This includes increased investment in TB research, improved access to affordable TB medications and better patient care.

It is also important to note that TB is not just a health issue, but also a social and economic issue. TB disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, including people living in poverty, people with HIV, and people who use drugs.

Addressing the issue of TB requires a multi-sectoral approach, with a focus on equity and social justice.

Conclusion

TB remains a significant global health problem, with over 1,600 patients reported in the past five years. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the problem, making it difficult for people to access TB diagnosis and treatment services.

Urgent action is needed to address the problem, including increased investment in TB prevention and treatment, improved access to diagnostic services, and better patient care. With a coordinated effort from governments, health organizations and communities, it is possible to work towards a world free of TB.