Hematuria is a medical condition in which there is blood in the urine. It is a common condition that affects both men and women. Hematuria can be a sign of serious medical conditions such as cancer, kidney disease or infection.

Understanding the causes and symptoms of hematuria can help you seek the right treatment and prevent complications.

Types of Hematuria

There are two types of hematuria, microscopic and gross.

Microscopic Hematuria

Microscopic hematuria is a condition where there is blood in the urine, but it is not visible to the naked eye. The presence of blood can only be detected through a microscope.

This type of hematuria is often a sign of a serious medical condition and requires immediate attention.

Gross Hematuria

Gross hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine that is visible to the naked eye. The urine may appear reddish, brownish or pinkish. It is important to seek medical attention immediately if you experience gross hematuria.

Causes of Hematuria

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

A urinary tract infection is caused by bacteria that enters the urethra and travels up the bladder and to the kidneys. Hematuria is a common symptom of UTI. UTIs are more common in women than men. A urinary tract infection can be treated with antibiotics.

Bladder or Kidney Stones

Bladder or kidney stones are formed by minerals and acid salts in the urine. These stones can cause irritation and inflammation to the urinary tract, resulting in the presence of blood in the urine.

Depending on the size and location of the stone, treatment may involve medication or surgery.

Enlarged Prostate

An enlarged prostate gland is common in men over 50 years of age. The prostate gland surrounds the urethra and when it enlarges it can put pressure on the urethra making it difficult to pass urine. Hematuria can be a symptom of an enlarged prostate gland.

Treatment for an enlarged prostate gland depends on the severity of symptoms and can include medication or surgery.

Cancer

Cancer of the bladder, kidneys or prostate gland can cause hematuria. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience blood in your urine, as early detection can improve treatment options.

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Treatment for cancer depends on the stage and type of cancer and can involve surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Kidney Disease

Kidney disease can cause hematuria. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste and extra fluid from the blood. When the kidneys are not functioning properly, it can lead to hematuria.

Treatment for kidney disease will depend on the type and severity of the disease and can include medication, dialysis or kidney transplant.

Diagnosis of Hematuria

If you are experiencing hematuria your doctor will order a urine test to determine the cause of the blood in the urine. The urine test will check for the presence of infection, protein, blood and other abnormalities.

In addition to a urine test, your doctor may order imaging tests such as an ultrasound, CT scan or MRI to examine the kidneys, bladder and urinary tract.

Treatment for Hematuria

The treatment for hematuria will depend on the underlying cause of the condition. Infections can be treated with antibiotics, while kidney stones may require medication or surgery.

Cancer or kidney disease may require chemotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Treatment for an enlarged prostate gland may involve medication or surgery.

Prevention of Hematuria

There are several steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing hematuria. Drink plenty of water to dilute your urine and help prevent infection and the formation of kidney stones.

Maintain good hygiene to reduce the risk of infection and avoid holding urine in your bladder for long periods of time. If you are taking medication that increases your risk of bleeding such as aspirin or blood thinners, talk to your doctor about other options.

Conclusion

Hematuria is a medical condition that requires attention to prevent complications. There are several underlying causes of hematuria including UTIs, kidney stones, prostate enlargement, cancer or kidney disease.

Diagnosis and treatment of hematuria will depend on the underlying cause of the condition. Preventative measures include maintaining good hygiene, drinking plenty of water and avoiding holding urine in the bladder for long periods of time.