Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a leading cause of various diseases and contributes significantly to mortality rates globally.

According to recent studies, hypertension affects women more than men, increasing their risk for heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. In this article, we will be discussing hypertension and its prevalence in women, the factors contributing to it, how women can manage it, and the importance of regular check-ups.

What is Hypertension?

Hypertension is a condition where the blood pressure in the arteries is consistently elevated above the normal level. Blood pressure is expressed in two numbers, systolic pressure, and diastolic pressure, measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

The systolic pressure is the pressure when the heart beats, while the diastolic pressure is the pressure when the heart rests between beats. The normal blood pressure is around 120/80 mmHg.

When a person has a blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or above, the diagnosis of hypertension is made.

However, a blood pressure reading of 120-139/80-89 mmHg is considered prehypertension, which means the person has higher than normal blood pressure but not high enough to be diagnosed with hypertension.

The Prevalence of Hypertension in Women

Studies have shown that hypertension affects women more than men, especially after the age of 65. According to the American Heart Association, about 46% of women between 20-34 years of age, and 75% of women over 75 years of age have hypertension.

Furthermore, hypertension increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death in women worldwide. Research has also shown that women with hypertension have a 30% higher risk of heart disease and twice the risk of stroke compared to women with normal blood pressure.

Factors Contributing to Hypertension in Women

Hypertension has many risk factors, including age, genetics, obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, stress, and certain medical conditions like diabetes and kidney disease.

However, several factors contribute to the high prevalence of hypertension in women, including:.

Oral Contraceptives

Studies have shown that the use of oral contraceptives increases the risk of hypertension in women. Hormonal contraceptives contain estrogen and progestogen, which can increase blood pressure.

Women who smoke and use oral contraceptives have a higher risk of hypertension compared to non-smokers who use oral contraceptives.

Pregnancy

Pregnancy-induced hypertension or preeclampsia is a severe condition that affects some pregnant women. It is characterized by high blood pressure, proteinuria (an excess of protein in the urine), and sometimes, swelling in the hands, feet, and face.

Preeclampsia can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the baby and requires immediate medical attention.

Menopause

Menopause is a natural condition that occurs in women around the age of 50. During menopause, the levels of estrogen decrease, which can cause changes in the blood vessels, leading to higher blood pressure.

Hormone replacement therapy, which is sometimes prescribed to relieve menopausal symptoms, can also increase the risk of hypertension in some women.

Stress and Anxiety

Stress and anxiety can increase blood pressure temporarily, but when they are chronic, they can lead to hypertension.

Women are more likely to experience stress and anxiety due to various societal and personal factors, which can contribute to the high prevalence of hypertension in women.

How to Manage Hypertension in Women

The good news is that hypertension is manageable and controllable. Women with hypertension can take several steps to lower their blood pressure, reduce their risk of cardiovascular diseases, and improve their overall health.

Here are some of the recommended lifestyle changes:.

Modify Your Diet

Eating a healthy and balanced diet is essential in managing hypertension. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet is a recommended diet for people with hypertension.

It is high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium.

Exercise Regularly

Physical activity can lower blood pressure and improve overall health. Women should aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise most days of the week. Examples of moderate-intensity exercise include brisk walking, cycling, and swimming.

Quit Smoking and Limit Alcohol Intake

Smoking and excessive alcohol intake can increase blood pressure and damage the blood vessels, leading to various cardiovascular diseases. Women should quit smoking and limit their alcohol intake to one drink per day.

Reduce Stress and Anxiety

Stress and anxiety can lead to temoprarily high blood pressure, but when it becomes chronic, it can increase the risk of hypertension.

Women should find ways to reduce their stress and anxiety levels, such as practicing relaxation techniques, yoga, or meditation.

The Importance of Regular Check-ups

Regular check-ups with healthcare providers are essential in managing hypertension in women. Women should have their blood pressure checked at least once a year or more frequently if they have prehypertension or hypertension.

Healthcare providers may also prescribe medication to control blood pressure if lifestyle changes alone are not enough.

The Bottom Line

Hypertension affects millions of people worldwide and is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases. Women are more likely to be affected by hypertension, and the risk increases with age.

Understanding the risk factors and taking the necessary steps to manage blood pressure can improve women’s health and overall quality of life. Regular check-ups with healthcare providers are essential in managing hypertension in women.

Lifestyle changes, such as modifying the diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol intake, can help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.