Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects your body’s ability to produce or use insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to many complications, including damage to the eyes.

According to the American Diabetes Association, people with diabetes are at a higher risk for developing eye problems, including glaucoma, cataracts, and diabetic retinopathy, which can cause blindness. However, with proper care and treatment, you can maintain your vision with diabetes.

Monitor Your Blood Sugar Levels

Keeping your blood sugar levels under control is the most important thing you can do to prevent eye problems. High blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels in your eyes and cause vision loss.

The American Diabetes Association recommends that you check your blood sugar levels regularly, as directed by your healthcare provider, and stay within your target range. If your blood sugar levels are too high, talk to your healthcare provider about adjusting your diabetes treatment plan.

Get Regular Eye Exams

Regular eye exams are crucial for people with diabetes. The American Diabetes Association recommends that you see an eye doctor at least once a year for a complete eye exam.

During the exam, your eye doctor will check for signs of diabetic retinopathy, such as swelling, leaking blood vessels, or changes in your retina. If your eye doctor detects any problems, he or she may refer you to a retinal specialist for further testing and treatment.

Control Your Blood Pressure and Cholesterol

High blood pressure and high cholesterol levels can also increase your risk of eye problems. If you have high blood pressure or high cholesterol, talk to your healthcare provider about ways to manage these conditions.

Lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and quitting smoking, can help lower your blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Your healthcare provider may also recommend medication to control your blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

Quit Smoking

Smoking is a major risk factor for many health problems, including eye problems.

Smoking can damage the blood vessels in your eyes and increase your risk of developing cataracts and age-related macular degeneration, a condition that can cause severe vision loss. If you smoke, talk to your healthcare provider about ways to quit. There are many resources available to help you quit smoking, including support groups, nicotine replacement therapy, and prescription medication.

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Eat a Healthy Diet

A healthy diet is important for maintaining good eye health, especially for people with diabetes. Eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats can help protect your eyes from damage.

Some foods that are particularly good for your eyes include leafy green vegetables, oily fish, nuts and seeds, and citrus fruits. Avoid foods that are high in saturated fat, trans fat, and sugar, as they can increase your risk of eye problems.

Exercise Regularly

Regular exercise is also important for maintaining good eye health. Exercise can help control your blood sugar levels, lower your blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and improve circulation to your eyes.

Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming, on most days of the week. Talk to your healthcare provider before starting a new exercise program.

Take Your Diabetes Medications as Directed

If you have diabetes, it’s important to take your medications as directed by your healthcare provider. Taking your medications consistently can help you maintain good blood sugar control and prevent complications, including eye problems.

If you have trouble remembering to take your medications, talk to your healthcare provider about setting up reminders or using a medication management app.

Manage Your Stress

Stress can also affect your blood sugar levels and increase your risk of eye problems. Managing your stress is an important part of maintaining good overall health and preventing complications.

Some effective stress-reducing techniques include deep breathing, meditation, yoga, and spending time in nature. Talk to your healthcare provider about other stress-reducing strategies that may work for you.

Wear Protective Eyewear

Protective eyewear can help prevent eye injuries and reduce your risk of developing cataracts and other conditions. If you work in a job that involves hazardous materials or flying debris, wear protective eyewear such as goggles or safety glasses.

If you spend a lot of time outdoors, wear sunglasses that block out ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can damage your eyes.