Menstrual bleeding refers to the regular shedding of the uterine lining in women during their reproductive years. Menstrual blood typically appears bright red at the beginning of the period and gradually becomes darker as it continues.

However, if menstrual bleeding turns black, it could be a sign of an underlying health condition or a side effect of certain medications. Black menstrual blood may also be a normal occurrence during the later days of a menstrual cycle.

Causes of black menstrual bleeding

There are several reasons why menstrual bleeding may turn black, including:.

Delayed shedding of the uterine lining: When the uterine lining takes longer to shed, it may oxidize, leading to the formation of black menstrual blood. This is typically seen in women with irregular periods or those who have not had a period for a while.
Endometriosis: Endometriosis is a condition where the uterine lining grows outside of the uterus, often causing intense abdominal pain and dark menstrual blood.
Polyps: Polyps are abnormal growths on the lining of the uterus or cervix and can lead to black menstrual blood.
Medications: Some medications, such as hormonal birth control pills or intrauterine devices (IUDs), can cause changes in menstrual bleeding, including black menstrual blood.
Infection: Bacterial or viral infections can lead to inflammation and changes in menstrual blood.

When to see a doctor

If you notice black menstrual blood, it is important to speak with your gynecologist. They can help determine the underlying cause of the change in menstrual bleeding and recommend the appropriate treatment.

You should also see a doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms:.

Severe pain during your period
Heavy bleeding or bleeding that lasts longer than usual
Foul-smelling discharge
Fever or chills
Unexpected weight loss or gain
Vaginal itching, burning, or irritation

Treating black menstrual bleeding

The treatment for black menstrual bleeding depends on the underlying cause. Your gynecologist may recommend hormonal birth control pills or other medications to regulate your menstrual bleeding and alleviate symptoms.

If the cause is due to an infection, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics or antiviral medications to treat the underlying infection.

In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove abnormal growths or treat other underlying conditions, such as endometriosis.

Preventing black menstrual bleeding

While some causes of black menstrual bleeding cannot be prevented, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing certain conditions:.

Eat a balanced diet and maintain a healthy weight
Exercise regularly
Practice safe sex and use condoms to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections
Wear breathable, cotton underwear
Avoid using tampons for longer than recommended or leaving them in overnight

Conclusion

Black menstrual bleeding can be a concerning symptom, but it is often treatable with the help of a gynecologist.

If you notice any changes in your menstrual bleeding, speak with your doctor to determine the underlying cause and develop a treatment plan that works for you.