Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, commonly referred to as MERS, is a viral respiratory illness caused by the MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus). First identified in 2012, MERS can lead to severe illness and even death in some cases.

As the world faces ongoing challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential to stay informed about other respiratory illnesses such as MERS. In this article, we will provide you with the six must-have facts you need to know about MERS.

1. Origin and Spread of MERS

MERS was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. The virus is believed to have originated in camels and then spread to humans through close contact.

MERS has since spread to other countries in the Middle East, as well as other parts of the world through travel-associated cases. While the majority of cases have been reported in the Arabian Peninsula, sporadic cases have also been reported in Europe, Asia, and the United States.

2. Symptoms of MERS

The symptoms of MERS can vary from mild to severe, with some cases leading to respiratory failure and death. Common symptoms include:.

Fever
Cough
Shortness of breath
Difficulty breathing
Chest pain
Muscle aches
Headache
Sore throat

It is important to note that not all individuals infected with the MERS virus will display symptoms. Some may experience mild symptoms or have no symptoms at all, making it challenging to track and control the spread of the virus.

3. Transmission of MERS

MERS is primarily transmitted from infected camels to humans through direct or indirect contact.

In healthcare settings, the virus can also spread from person to person through close contact with infected individuals, especially if proper infection control measures are not followed. Respiratory droplets produced by coughing or sneezing of an infected person can also spread the virus.

4. Prevention and Control

Preventing the spread of MERS requires a combination of public health measures and individual precautions. Here are some key steps to prevent and control MERS:.

Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
Use hand sanitizers if soap and water are not available.
Avoid close contact with individuals showing symptoms of respiratory illness.
Avoid contact with camels and consume pasteurized camel milk and meat.
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing.
Wear masks in crowded places, healthcare facilities, or when caring for an infected individual.
Clean and disinfect frequently-touched objects and surfaces regularly.

5. Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing MERS involves laboratory testing of respiratory samples and blood to detect the presence of the MERS-CoV. If you suspect you have been exposed to MERS and are experiencing symptoms, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly.

Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for MERS. Supportive medical care is provided to manage symptoms and complications.

Severe cases may require hospitalization, including respiratory support such as supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation.

6. Importance of Surveillance and Reporting

Surveillance and reporting of MERS cases are crucial to understand the outbreak patterns and implement appropriate control measures.

It is essential for healthcare systems and authorities to promptly report suspected or confirmed cases of MERS to ensure timely interventions and prevent further spread of the virus.

With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, monitoring and surveillance systems have become even more critical to detect and respond to emerging infectious diseases like MERS in a timely manner.