Mononucleosis, also known as “mono” or the “kissing disease,” is a contagious illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

It is most commonly spread through saliva and is often transmitted through kissing or sharing food and drinks with an infected person. Mononucleosis is most common in adolescents and young adults but can affect people of all ages. While most people recover fully from mono, it can lead to more serious complications in some cases.

Symptoms

Many people with mononucleosis experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and fatigue. Other common symptoms include swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits, headaches, and body aches.

Some people may also develop a rash or experience spleen enlargement, which can cause pain in the upper left abdomen. Symptoms usually appear within four to six weeks of exposure to the virus and can last for several weeks or even months.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for mononucleosis. Antibiotics are not effective against a viral infection, and most people recover from mono with rest and adequate hydration.

Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help relieve symptoms such as fever and sore throat. In some cases, a healthcare provider may prescribe steroids to reduce swelling in the throat or spleen.

It is important to avoid contact sports or other strenuous activities until the spleen has returned to its normal size to prevent the risk of rupture, which can be life-threatening.

Prevention

Since mononucleosis is primarily spread through saliva, there are several measures you can take to reduce your risk of contracting the virus. Avoid kissing or sharing food, drinks, or utensils with an infected person.

Wash your hands regularly, especially after coming into contact with the saliva of an infected person. If you do contract mono, avoid close contact with others until your symptoms have subsided to prevent the spread of the virus.

Complications

While most people recover fully from mono without complications, there are some potential risks associated with the illness. In rare cases, mono can damage the liver or cause jaundice.

Some people may also develop anemia or thrombocytopenia, a blood disorder that can cause excessive bleeding or bruising. In severe cases, mono can cause meningitis or encephalitis, inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV or AIDS, may be at a higher risk of developing complications from mono.

When to See a Healthcare Provider

If you experience symptoms of mono, it is important to see a healthcare provider for evaluation and treatment. Your healthcare provider may perform a physical exam and order blood tests to confirm a diagnosis of mononucleosis.

In some cases, other tests such as a throat culture or imaging studies may be performed to rule out other potential causes of your symptoms.

Conclusion

Mononucleosis is a common and highly contagious illness that is primarily spread through saliva. While most people recover from mono without complications, it is important to seek medical care if you experience symptoms.

By taking steps to prevent the spread of the virus, such as avoiding close contact with infected persons and practicing good hygiene, you can reduce your risk of contracting mono.