Itching, also known as pruritus, is a common sensation that can be quite bothersome. While it is often associated with skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, and allergies, there are also several non-dermatological causes of chronic itching.

Understanding these causes can help individuals find relief and appropriate treatment for their persistent itching. In this article, we will discuss some of these non-dermatological causes of chronic itching.

1. Liver Diseases

Chronic itching can be a symptom of various liver diseases, such as hepatitis C, cirrhosis, and primary biliary cholangitis.

The excess bile salts that accumulate in the bloodstream due to liver dysfunction can cause itchiness, which is usually more intense in the hands and feet.

2. Kidney Disorders

Kidney diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), can lead to chronic itching. The accumulation of toxins like urea in the blood affects the nerves and causes itchiness, often affecting the back and abdomen.

3. Diabetes

Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to a condition called diabetic neuropathy, which affects the nerves in various parts of the body. This nerve damage can cause chronic itching, particularly in the lower extremities.

4. Thyroid Disorders

Both an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) and an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) can cause chronic itching. Thyroid imbalances affect the production of collagen and can lead to dry skin, which is one of the primary causes of itching.

5. Iron Deficiency Anemia

Iron deficiency anemia is a condition characterized by low levels of red blood cells due to insufficient iron. In addition to the usual symptoms of fatigue and weakness, chronic itching can also be experienced by individuals with this condition.

6. Nerve Disorders

Various nerve disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and neuropathy, can lead to chronic itching. Nerve damage disrupts the normal functioning of the nerves, which can cause abnormal sensations like itching.

7. Psychiatric Conditions

Mental health conditions like anxiety and depression can manifest in physical symptoms, including chronic itching.

The exact relationship between psychiatric conditions and itching is not fully understood, but it is believed that neurotransmitters involved in mood regulation also play a role in the sensation of itching.

8. Medications

Some medications, such as opioids, antifungal drugs, and certain antibiotics, can cause chronic itching as a side effect.

If you suspect that your medication is causing itching, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider before stopping or changing the prescribed treatment.

9. Blood Disorders

Blood disorders like polycythemia vera, lymphoma, and leukemia can cause chronic itching.

The mechanisms through which these conditions lead to itching are not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the release of certain substances that stimulate itch receptors.

10. Autoimmune Conditions

Autoimmune conditions, such as lupus and Sjögren’s syndrome, can cause chronic itching. The abnormal immune response characteristic of autoimmune conditions can lead to inflammation and dry skin, contributing to persistent itchiness.