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Obesity and asthma in children: which comes first?

This article explores the link between obesity and asthma in children and determine which comes first by valdamedina
Estimated reading time: 3 min 31 sec
Obesity and asthma in children: which comes first? Photo by RDNE Stock project on Pexels

Obesity and asthma are the two most prevalent chronic illnesses among children. Obesity is a condition characterized by excessive body fat accumulation resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure.

Asthma, on the other hand, is a chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making it challenging to breathe adequately. The relationship between obesity and asthma in children is of clinical relevance and has been the subject of intense research. One of the critical questions in this field is whether obesity leads to asthma, or asthma contributes to obesity.

The aim of this article is to explore the link between obesity and asthma in children and determine which comes first.

What is Obesity in Children?

Childhood obesity is a significant public health concern globally.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity refers to a condition in which excess body fat accumulates to the extent that it impacts an individual’s health and well-being. In children, obesity is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than the 95th percentile. BMI is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease influenced by a complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors.

What is Asthma in Children?

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, resulting in recurrent episodes of shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing.

Asthma affects people of all ages, but it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood. According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI), an estimated 7.7 million children in the United States have asthma, making it one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood.

Relationship between Obesity and Asthma in Children

The relationship between obesity and asthma in children remains unclear. Some studies suggest that obesity may increase the risk of asthma in children, while others suggest that asthma may contribute to obesity.

Related Article Childhood obesity and asthma: a causal link? Childhood obesity and asthma: a causal link?

There are several theories on the link between these two conditions.

Obesity as a Risk Factor for Asthma in Children

The most commonly proposed theory is that obesity predisposes children to develop asthma. The mechanisms behind this relationship are not entirely understood. However, several factors have been suggested, including:.

  1. Inflammatory factors: Adipose (fat) tissue produces a range of pro-inflammatory molecules known as cytokines. Increased cytokine levels can lead to airway inflammation, which is associated with asthma.
  2. Impaired lung function: Obese children may experience reduced lung function due to the weight of the chest wall, decreased lung volume, and increased airway resistance.
  3. Insulin resistance: Obese children often exhibit insulin resistance, which can lead to airway inflammation and asthma. Insulin resistance is also linked to reduced lung function and increased airway responsiveness.

Asthma as a Risk Factor for Obesity in Children

Some studies suggest that asthma may contribute to the development of obesity in children. Asthma is known to cause physical inactivity, which may contribute to weight gain.

Children with asthma may avoid exercise due to fear of exacerbating their symptoms. Additionally, some asthma medications, particularly glucocorticoids, can cause weight gain.

Other Factors Contributing to the Link between Obesity and Asthma in Children

Several other factors may contribute to the link between obesity and asthma in children, including:.

  1. Diet: A diet rich in saturated fats and low in fiber has been associated with both obesity and asthma in children.
  2. Psychosocial factors: Children who experience stress, anxiety, and depression may be more likely to develop both asthma and obesity.
  3. Genetics: Obese children may be more likely to have a family history of asthma, suggesting that genetics may play a role in the link between these two conditions.

Conclusion

Obesity and asthma are two of the most common chronic conditions affecting children. The relationship between obesity and asthma is complex and remains unclear.

Some studies suggest that obesity may predispose children to develop asthma, while others suggest that asthma may cause physical inactivity and contribute to obesity. Regardless of the direction of the relationship, it is clear that obesity and asthma are linked and may share common risk factors.

Future research should focus on identifying the mechanisms behind this relationship to enable healthcare providers to tailor prevention and treatment strategies.

Disclaimer: This article serves as general information and should not be considered medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized guidance. Individual circumstances may vary.

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