Oral cancer is a type of cancer that affects the mouth and throat area. It begins when normal cells in the mouth or throat change and grow uncontrollably, forming a mass called a tumor.

If not detected and treated early, oral cancer can spread to other parts of the body and become life-threatening. According to the American Cancer Society, about 54,000 people in the United States will be diagnosed with oral or throat cancer this year, and about 10,850 people will die from it.

However, the good news is that oral cancer is highly curable if caught early. In this article, we will discuss the early symptoms and risk factors of oral cancer to raise awareness and promote early detection and treatment.

Early Symptoms of Oral Cancer

The early symptoms of oral cancer may be easy to miss or mistake for other common problems like a cold or a sore throat.

However, if you experience any of the following symptoms that persist for more than two weeks, it is important to see your dentist or doctor for an evaluation:.

A sore or lump in your mouth, throat, or lips that doesn’t heal.
A white or red patch in your mouth that doesn’t go away.
Bleeding or numbness in your mouth.
A change in your voice or speech, such as hoarseness or slurring.
A persistent sore throat or cough.
Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or moving your tongue or jaw.
A feeling of something stuck in your throat.
Unexplained weight loss.

Risk Factors for Oral Cancer

Oral cancer can affect anyone, but certain factors can increase your risk of developing it. These factors include:.

Tobacco use: Smoking cigarettes, pipes, cigars, or using smokeless tobacco increases your risk of oral cancer. Tobacco contains harmful chemicals that damage the cells in your mouth and throat over time.
Alcohol use: Drinking alcohol in excess can also increase your risk of oral cancer. Alcohol can irritate and damage the cells in your mouth and throat, making them more vulnerable to cancerous changes.
HPV infection: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus that can cause oral cancer as well as cervical cancer. HPV-related oral cancers are more common in younger people and are usually located at the back of the tongue or throat.
Poor oral hygiene: Not taking good care of your teeth and gums can increase your risk of oral cancer. A build-up of bacteria in your mouth can cause gum disease and inflammation, which can damage the cells in your mouth and throat.
Weak immune system: Having a weakened immune system due to HIV/AIDS, organ transplant, or chemotherapy can increase your risk of oral cancer.
Family history: Having a family history of oral cancer can increase your risk of developing it as well.

Preventing Oral Cancer

Although there is no sure way to prevent oral cancer, you can reduce your risk by following these healthy habits:.

Avoid tobacco use: If you smoke or use smokeless tobacco, quit as soon as possible. Ask for help from your doctor or a smoking cessation program if you need it.
Moderate alcohol use: If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. The American Cancer Society defines moderate drinking as up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men.
Maintain good oral hygiene: Brush your teeth and tongue twice a day and floss once a day to remove food particles and plaque. Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings.
Eat a healthy diet: Choose a balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Avoid processed and sugary foods.
Protect your lips: Use a lip balm with SPF or wear a hat when you are outside to protect your lips from the sun.
Get vaccinated: If you are younger than 45, consider getting the HPV vaccine to protect yourself against oral and cervical cancer.

Conclusion

Oral cancer is a serious but highly curable disease if caught early. By being aware of the early symptoms and risk factors of oral cancer, you can take steps to detect and treat it before it becomes life-threatening.

If you experience any persistent symptoms in your mouth or throat, see your dentist or doctor for an evaluation. By following healthy habits such as avoiding tobacco use, moderate alcohol consumption, maintaining good oral hygiene, and eating a healthy diet, you can lower your risk of developing oral cancer and improve your overall health.