Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the skin. It is characterized by the accumulation of skin cells that build up into scaly, itchy patches on the skin’s surface.

These patches can appear anywhere on the body, but are most common on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back.

Symptoms of Psoriasis

The symptoms of psoriasis can vary from person to person, but they usually include:.

Red, raised, and inflamed patches of skin
Silver or white scales on the surface of the patches
Dry, cracked skin that may bleed or become painful
Itching or burning sensations on the affected areas

In some cases, psoriasis can also affect the fingernails and toenails. This can cause the nails to become thick and discolored, and can even lead to nail separation from the nail bed.

Types of Psoriasis

There are several types of psoriasis, each with its own specific symptoms and triggers:.

Plaque psoriasis: This is the most common form of psoriasis, characterized by raised, red, and scaly patches on the skin.
Guttate psoriasis: This type of psoriasis often appears suddenly in childhood or early adulthood and is characterized by small, red, and scaly spots on the skin.
Pustular psoriasis: This is a rare form of psoriasis that causes red, pus-filled blisters to appear on the skin.
Inverse psoriasis: This type of psoriasis occurs in skin folds and creases, such as the armpits, genitals, and under the breasts. It causes smooth, red patches of skin that can become irritated or infected.
Erythrodermic psoriasis: This is the least common form of psoriasis, but it can be life-threatening if left untreated. It causes severe redness and shedding of the skin, and can cause fever and a rapid heartbeat.

Causes of Psoriasis

The exact cause of psoriasis is unknown, but it is believed to be related to an overactive immune system. The immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the body, causing inflammation and the rapid growth of skin cells.

Psoriasis is also believed to be influenced by genetics, as it often runs in families. Other factors that can trigger or worsen psoriasis include:.

Stress
Injury to the skin
Excessive alcohol consumption
Smoking
Certain medications, such as lithium, beta blockers, and antimalarials

Treatment Options for Psoriasis

While there is no cure for psoriasis, there are several treatment options available to manage the symptoms:.

Topical medications: Creams, ointments, and lotions can be applied directly to the affected skin to reduce inflammation and promote healing. These medications may contain corticosteroids, salicylic acid, coal tar, or other active ingredients.
Phototherapy: Exposing the skin to ultraviolet light can help slow the growth of skin cells and reduce inflammation. This can be done at home with a UVB light box or in a doctor’s office with UVA or UVB light.
Systemic medications: These medications are taken orally or by injection and work throughout the body to control the immune system and reduce inflammation. Examples include methotrexate, cyclosporine, and biologics such as adalimumab and infliximab.
Lifestyle changes: Eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and reducing stress can all help manage psoriasis symptoms.

Preventing Psoriasis Flares

While psoriasis can’t be prevented entirely, there are steps you can take to reduce the likelihood of flares:.

Avoid triggers: Pay attention to what triggers your psoriasis and try to avoid those triggers, whether they be stress, certain foods, smoking, or alcohol.
Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and reducing stress can all help reduce inflammation and prevent flares.
Stick to your treatment plan: If you’re prescribed medications or other treatments for psoriasis, be sure to follow through with them to manage your symptoms.

When to See a Doctor

If you suspect you have psoriasis or have already been diagnosed with the condition, it’s a good idea to see a dermatologist regularly to manage your symptoms. You should also see a doctor if:.

Your psoriasis is getting worse or spreading rapidly
You have joint pain or other symptoms of psoriatic arthritis
You have severe itching or discomfort
You have fever or other signs of infection
Your skin becomes cracked and oozing

Conclusion

Psoriasis can be a frustrating and uncomfortable condition, but there are treatment options available to manage the symptoms.

By working with your doctor, following a healthy lifestyle, and avoiding triggers, you can reduce the likelihood of flares and enjoy clearer, healthier skin.