Selenium is a vital mineral that our bodies require in small amounts to function properly. It plays a crucial role in the production of DNA, thyroid hormone metabolism, and protecting against oxidative damage.

Unfortunately, many people around the world suffer from selenium deficiency, which can lead to a range of health problems.

1. Weak Immune System

Selenium deficiency can compromise the immune system. This means that people who have low levels of selenium may be more susceptible to infections, including bacteria and viruses.

A weak immune system can also affect the body’s ability to fight infections and may lead to an increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus.

2. Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Several studies have linked selenium deficiency with a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

The mineral plays a crucial role in maintaining heart and blood vessel health, as it helps prevent oxidative damage and inflammation that can lead to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). Individuals with low levels of selenium may be more likely to develop heart attacks and strokes.

3. Thyroid Disorders

Selenium is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism in the body. A deficiency of selenium may lead to an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), which can cause fatigue, weight gain, depression, and other symptoms.

Hypothyroidism can cause long-term health problems if left untreated.

4. Infertility and Reproductive Issues

Low levels of selenium may affect fertility, especially in men. Selenium is essential for the health of the testes, and a deficiency can lead to decreased sperm motility and count.

In women, selenium deficiency may lead to complications in pregnancy, including gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and premature birth.

5. Cognitive Decline

Studies suggest that selenium may play a role in brain function and cognitive decline. Low levels of the mineral have been linked to a higher risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults.

Selenium may protect the brain against oxidative damage and inflammation, which are thought to contribute to cognitive decline with age.

6. Muscle Weakness and Fatigue

Selenium plays a role in muscle function, and a deficiency may lead to symptoms like fatigue and weakness. Interestingly, studies have shown that athletes who have low levels of selenium may experience greater fatigue and muscle damage after exercise.

Selenium supplementation may help improve muscle strength and performance in some cases.

7. Hair and Nail Changes

Selenium is essential for healthy hair and nails, and a deficiency may lead to changes in these structures. Hair may become brittle, thin, or fall out prematurely. Nails may become discolored, brittle, and prone to splitting.

Supplements of selenium may help improve the health of hair and nails in some people.

8. Mood Changes

Low levels of selenium have been linked to an increased risk of depression, anxiety, and irritability. Preliminary research suggests that selenium supplementation may help improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression.

It is not yet clear how selenium affects the brain and mood, but it may play a role in regulating inflammation in the body.

9. Poor Wound Healing

Selenium is essential for the health of the skin, and a deficiency may lead to impaired wound healing. The mineral plays a role in the production of collagen, which is the building block of skin tissue.

Selenium also helps protect the skin against damage from free radicals and UV radiation. A diet rich in selenium may help improve the health of the skin and speed up healing after injuries.

10. Gum Disease

Studies have linked low levels of selenium to a higher risk of periodontal disease (gum disease). The mineral may help protect the teeth and gums against oxidative damage and inflammation, which can lead to tooth loss and other dental problems.

Selenium supplementation may help reduce the severity of gum disease in some cases.

Conclusion

Selenium is an essential mineral that plays a vital role in many aspects of health.

A deficiency of selenium may lead to a variety of health problems, including weak immune system, cardiovascular disease, thyroid disorders, infertility, cognitive decline, muscle weakness, hair and nail changes, mood changes, poor wound healing, and gum disease. A diet rich in selenium, including foods like Brazil nuts, tuna, and whole grains, may help prevent deficiency and promote optimal health.