Rectal cancer is a malignant growth that affects the lower part of the colon, specifically the rectum.

It is a major health concern as it is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with over one million new cases of colorectal cancer being diagnosed annually. Historically, rectal cancer treatment options included chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery, the latter of which often required a colostomy bag.

However, in recent years, innovative and revolutionary rectal cancer treatments that pave the way for a colostomy-free recovery have emerged.

Chemoradiation therapy

Chemoradiation therapy is one of the most effective treatments for rectal cancer because it is used for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer to shrink the tumor. This therapy uses a combination of radiation and chemotherapy to eradicate cancerous cells in the rectum. Often, this treatment regimen can help avoid follow-up surgery to remove the rectal cancer, as the tumor has shrunk significantly.

Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is a minimally invasive surgery used to remove small rectal tumors. This procedure involves the use of a rectoscope and specialized instruments to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue.

This treatment is generally reserved for patients with early-stage rectal cancer that has not spread beyond the mucous membrane of the rectum. It is a day-surgery procedure, and patients can return to their normal activities shortly after treatment.

Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision

Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) is a revolutionary technique used to remove rectal tumors by using the natural orifice of the body (anus) rather than open surgery.

A laparoscope and specialized instruments are used to remove the rectal tumor and surrounding tissue with minimal damage to surrounding structures. This method allows for a more accurate and complete removal of the cancer while reducing the likelihood of complications and the need for a colostomy bag. .

Organ-Preserving Treatment

Organ-preserving treatment is a new method of treating rectal cancer that aims to avoid major surgery and a colostomy bag. This treatment involves innovative surgical techniques that remove only a portion of the diseased rectum.

The remaining healthy tissue is sutured seamlessly to the anus, allowing the patient to return to normal bowel function. This treatment is ideal for early-stage rectal cancer, and many patients can avoid a permanent colostomy bag.

Robotic-Assisted Surgery

Robotic-assisted surgery for rectal cancer is becoming increasingly popular due to its high accuracy and precision during surgery.

Robotic-assisted surgery allows the surgeon to have a 3D view of the rectum and surrounding tissue, and advanced robotics provide precision in cutting and suturing. This technique allows for less pain and scarring and shorter recovery time. As a result, the colostomy bag rarely needs to be used for rectal cancer patients, which is a significant benefit to the patient.

Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic therapy is a new method of treatment for rectal cancer that involves a specific type of light being applied to the cancerous cells in the rectum. This light activates a particular drug that is used to destroy the cancerous cells.

Photodynamic therapy is a minimally invasive treatment that is usually done as an outpatient procedure. This treatment can eradicate early-stage rectal cancer, making it the ideal therapy for patients who want to avoid a colostomy bag.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is an innovative treatment method that helps the body’s own immune system fight cancerous cells.

This treatment involves injecting a particular type of medication that bolsters the immune system’s ability to destroy the cancer cells naturally. In recent years, the FDA approved two medications, Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab, for the treatment of recurrent or advanced colorectal cancer.

These medications can slow the progression of the cancer and may even eradicate the tumor, thereby avoiding a colostomy bag and preserving the patient’s quality of life.

Conclusion

The emergence of new and innovative revolutionary rectal cancer treatments has completely changed the way that doctors approach rectal cancer treatment.

The various options available today offer a greater chance of a colostomy-free recovery and improved quality of life. As we continue to explore and discover new treatments, we can expect even greater advancements in the future.

Until then, patients diagnosed with rectal cancer can be comforted knowing that they have several treatment options from which to choose based on their individual needs.