Kidney failure is a serious medical condition that occurs when the kidneys stop working properly.

When the kidneys fail, waste products build up in the blood, causing a range of symptoms and complications including fatigue, swelling, difficulty breathing, and even death in severe cases. While it can affect anyone, there are several risk factors that can increase the likelihood of kidney failure and its associated complications.

1. Diabetes

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of kidney failure, accounting for nearly half of all new cases. High levels of glucose in the blood can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, preventing them from functioning properly.

Over time, this can lead to chronic kidney disease and ultimately, kidney failure. People with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar levels carefully and follow their doctor’s recommendations for managing their condition to reduce their risk of kidney failure.

2. High blood pressure

High blood pressure is another major risk factor for kidney failure. Like diabetes, high blood pressure can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to chronic kidney disease and, eventually, kidney failure.

People with high blood pressure should work closely with their doctor to monitor and manage their condition through medication, lifestyle changes, and other interventions as necessary.

3. Family history of kidney disease

People with a family history of kidney disease are at increased risk of developing kidney failure themselves.

This is because certain genetic factors can increase the likelihood of developing conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure, which are major risk factors for kidney failure. If you have a family history of kidney disease, talk to your doctor about steps you can take to reduce your risk.

4. Age

As we age, the risk of developing kidney failure increases.

This is because the kidneys naturally lose function over time, and older adults may be more likely to have other health conditions that can contribute to kidney failure, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Regular check-ups with a doctor can help detect signs of kidney disease early and prevent progression to kidney failure.

5. Smoking

Smoking can damage the blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the kidneys. This can impair kidney function and increase the risk of developing kidney disease and ultimately, kidney failure.

Quitting smoking is one of the most important things you can do to reduce your risk of kidney failure and improve your overall health.

6. Obesity

Obesity is another risk factor for kidney failure. People who are overweight or obese are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure, which are both major contributors to kidney failure.

Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise is an important step in reducing your risk of these conditions and protecting your kidney health.

7. Certain medications

Some medications can cause damage to the kidneys over time, leading to kidney failure. These include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and naproxen, as well as some antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs.

If you are taking any medications on a regular basis, talk to your doctor about the potential risks and any steps you can take to protect your kidney health.

8. Chronic kidney disease

People with chronic kidney disease are at increased risk of developing kidney failure.

This is because the kidneys become progressively damaged over time, leading to a loss of function that can eventually become severe enough to require dialysis or a kidney transplant. If you have chronic kidney disease, working closely with your doctor to manage your condition is essential in order to slow the progression of the disease and reduce the risk of kidney failure.

9. Urinary tract infections

Untreated or recurrent urinary tract infections can lead to kidney damage and increase the risk of kidney failure. This is because bacteria in the urinary tract can spread to the kidneys, causing inflammation and damage to the tissues.

To reduce your risk of urinary tract infections, be sure to practice good hygiene, drink plenty of water, and use antibiotics as directed by your doctor if you do experience an infection.

10. Kidney stones

Kidney stones are hard deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause significant pain and discomfort. In some cases, they can also lead to kidney damage or even kidney failure if they block the flow of urine out of the kidneys.

People who have a history of kidney stones should work with their doctor to manage their condition and reduce the risk of complications.