The liver is one of the most vital organs in the body as it performs numerous functions such as converting food into energy, filtering toxins, and producing bile for digestion.

However, various factors such as alcohol abuse, viral infections, and other diseases can cause hepatic dysfunction or liver damage.

When the liver is unable to perform its functions effectively, it can cause a range of symptoms. In this visual guide, we will look at the signs of hepatic dysfunction that anyone can look out for.

Yellowing of the Skin and Eyes (Jaundice)

Jaundice is a common sign of hepatic dysfunction that occurs when the liver is unable to process bilirubin effectively.

Bilirubin is produced when red blood cells break down, and jaundice occurs when there’s an excessive build-up of bilirubin in the bloodstream.

Jaundice causes yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, and it can also cause the urine to appear dark, and stools pale or clay-colored.

Swelling of the Abdomen (Ascites)

Ascites is a condition in which there is an accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, causing it to become swollen.

When the liver becomes damaged, it can cause blood to back up, increasing pressure in the veins connected to it, leading to the development of ascites.

Other symptoms of ascites include shortness of breath, abdominal pain, and nausea, and it requires immediate medical attention.

Easy Bruising and Bleeding

The liver produces clotting factors that help the blood clot and prevent excessive bleeding. When the liver becomes damaged, it can affect its ability to produce enough clotting factors, leading to easy bruising and bleeding.

Other symptoms of this sign may include bleeding gums, nosebleeds, and an increased risk of developing severe bleeding during surgery or injury.

Chronic Fatigue

Chronic fatigue is a feeling of lack of energy that persists for an extended period. The liver plays a crucial role in converting food into energy, and liver damage can affect this process, leading to chronic fatigue.

Persistent fatigue can be a sign of hepatic dysfunction that requires further investigation, especially if it’s accompanied by other symptoms such as jaundice or abdominal swelling.

Persistent Belly Pain

Belly pain is a common symptom of many health conditions, and it can last from a few hours to a few days. Liver dysfunction can cause persistent belly pain that lasts for an extended period, especially in the upper-right quadrant part of the abdomen.

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Other symptoms that may accompany belly pain include nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite.

Mental Confusion and Memory Loss (Hepatic Encephalopathy)

Hepatic encephalopathy is a term used to describe mental confusion and memory loss that occurs in individuals with advanced liver disease. This condition occurs when the liver fails to remove toxins and waste products from the bloodstream effectively.

The build-up of toxins in the bloodstream can cause chemical imbalances in the brain, leading to confusion, drowsiness, and memory loss.

Increased Thirst and Fluid Retention

Fluid retention occurs when the body is unable to excrete excess fluid properly. Liver damage can prevent the liver from effectively producing the protein albumin, which maintains fluid balance in the body.

Inadequate production of albumin can lead to fluid retention in the legs, feet, and abdomen, leading to increased thirst and swelling in the affected areas.

Loss of Appetite and Nausea

The liver plays a crucial role in producing bile, which helps in breaking down fats and aids in digestion. Liver damage can affect bile production, leading to loss of appetite and nausea.

Individuals with hepatic dysfunction may experience a lack of interest in food or an aversion to certain foods, leading to weight loss and malnutrition.

Spider-like Blood Vessels (Spider Angiomas)

Spider angiomas are small, spider-like blood vessels that may appear on the skin’s surface due to liver damage. These blood vessels typically appear on the face, chest, and arms and can be a sign of underlying hepatic dysfunction.

Other skin changes that may occur with hepatic dysfunction include yellowing of the skin, skin rashes, and itchy skin.

Dark Colored Urine

Dark-colored urine is a common symptom of hepatic dysfunction that occurs when the liver is unable to process bilirubin effectively. Bilirubin is a substance produced when the red blood cells break down, and it’s excreted in the urine.

When there’s an excessive build-up of bilirubin in the bloodstream, the urine may appear darker than normal. Dark-colored urine is usually accompanied by other symptoms such as jaundice and pale or clay-colored stools.

Conclusion

Early detection of hepatic dysfunction is critical in ensuring a favorable prognosis. Individuals should look out for the signs discussed in this visual guide, and seek medical attention if they experience any of them.

The liver is a vital organ that plays numerous roles in the body. Taking steps to maintain its health through lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption can go a long way in preventing hepatic dysfunction.

If you’re experiencing any of the symptoms discussed in this visual guide, it’s important to seek medical attention as soon as possible.