Folic acid, also known as folate, is a B-vitamin needed for the proper functioning of the body. It is essential for the production of red blood cells, DNA synthesis, and healthy fetal development during pregnancy.

The human body does not produce folic acid, which means it needs to be obtained through the diet or supplements. A deficiency in this nutrient can lead to serious health problems in both adults and children. Here are some of the telltale signs of folic acid deficiency:.

1. Fatigue and Weakness

One of the most common symptoms of folic acid deficiency is fatigue and weakness. This is because folate contributes to the production of red blood cells which carry oxygen to the body’s tissues.

Without enough folic acid, the body cannot produce enough red blood cells, resulting in a lack of oxygen and energy.

2. Mouth Ulcers

Mouth ulcers or canker sores can also be a symptom of folic acid deficiency. These small, painful sores can develop on the inside of the mouth, tongue, or lips.

They can be recurrent, and while not necessarily dangerous, they can cause discomfort and make it difficult to eat or drink.

3. Pale Skin

Folic acid deficiency can also affect skin color. A pale complexion is often a sign that there is not enough red blood cells in the body to carry oxygen properly.

In severe cases, this can lead to jaundice, a yellowing of the eyes and skin caused by the build-up of bilirubin, a waste product formed during the breakdown of red blood cells.

4. Shortness of Breath

If your body is not producing enough red blood cells, you may experience shortness of breath. Without enough oxygen, the body may struggle to perform everyday tasks, even simple ones such as walking up a flight of stairs.

This can also be accompanied by dizziness and lightheadedness.

5. Digestive Problems

Folic acid plays a critical role in the proper functioning of the digestive system. A deficiency in this vitamin can result in digestive problems such as diarrhea, constipation, nausea, and loss of appetite.

It is important to maintain adequate levels of folic acid in the body to ensure proper digestion and absorption of nutrients.

6. Depression

Low levels of folic acid have been linked to depression and other mood disorders. This is because folate is involved in the production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, that regulate mood and behavior.

Studies have found that people with low levels of folic acid are more prone to depression and other mental health issues.

7. Cognitive Impairment

Folic acid is essential for the proper functioning of the brain. A deficiency in this nutrient can result in cognitive impairment, memory problems, and even dementia in older adults.

This is because folate is involved in the maintenance and repair of brain cells, and the synthesis of neurotransmitters that are crucial for learning and memory.

8. Birth Defects

Folic acid is especially important for pregnant women, as it plays a crucial role in fetal development.

A deficiency in this nutrient during pregnancy can lead to serious birth defects such as neural tube defects, which can affect the brain and spinal cord. This is why healthcare providers recommend that women of childbearing age take folic acid supplements to reduce the risk of birth defects.

9. Cardiovascular Disease

Folic acid deficiency has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke.

This is because folate helps to lower levels of homocysteine, an amino acid that can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. Maintaining adequate levels of folic acid can help to protect the heart and improve cardiovascular health.

10. Poor Immune Function

Folic acid is also important for a healthy immune system. A deficiency in this vitamin can weaken the body’s immune response, making it more susceptible to infections and illnesses.

This is because folate is essential for the production of white blood cells, which help to fight off infections and other foreign invaders.

In conclusion, folic acid is a vital nutrient that plays many important roles in the body. A deficiency in this vitamin can lead to a wide range of health problems, from fatigue and weakness to birth defects and cardiovascular disease.

If you think you may be deficient in folic acid, speak to your doctor about getting tested and making the necessary dietary and lifestyle changes to improve your health.