Colon cancer is a very common type of cancer in both men and women. The American Cancer Society reports that it is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States.

However, the good news is that colon cancer is highly preventable with proper screening methods, such as colonoscopy. In this article, we will discuss the benefits of colonoscopy in preventing colon cancer.

What is Colonoscopy?

Colonoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that is used to examine the colon and rectum. During a colonoscopy, a long, flexible tube with a camera on the end is inserted into the rectum and slowly advanced through the colon.

The camera allows the doctor to view the lining of the colon and rectum and detect any abnormalities, such as polyps or tumors.

Why is Colonoscopy Important for Colon Cancer Prevention?

The primary benefit of colonoscopy is early detection of precancerous polyps and early stage colon cancer. Colon cancer usually starts as small, benign polyps that can grow and turn into cancer over time.

If these polyps are detected and removed during colonoscopy, the development of colon cancer can be prevented.

Furthermore, if colon cancer is detected early, it is highly treatable and has a greater chance of cure. According to the American Cancer Society, the 5-year survival rate for people diagnosed with early stage colon cancer is approximately 90%.

However, if colon cancer is detected in later stages, when it has spread to other parts of the body, the survival rate decreases significantly.

Who Should Get a Colonoscopy?

The American Cancer Society recommends that all adults at average risk for colon cancer begin screening at age 45. The frequency of colonoscopies depends on the results of the first screening.

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If no polyps are found, then screening might be done again in 10 years. However, if polyps are found then the doctor will recommend a repeat colonoscopy within 3 to 5 years.

Individuals at high risk for colon cancer, such as those with a family history of colon cancer or a personal history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), may need to start screening earlier and receive more frequent colonoscopies.

What are the Risks of Colonoscopy?

Like any medical procedure, colonoscopy carries some risks. The most common side effect of colonoscopy is mild discomfort, bloating, and cramping after the procedure.

In rare cases, serious complications such as bleeding, infection, and bowel perforation can occur. However, these complications are extremely rare and occur in less than 1% of colonoscopies.

How to Prepare for Colonoscopy?

To ensure accurate results of colonoscopy, proper preparation is necessary. The colon must be completely empty of any stool or debris before the procedure.

This requires a clear liquid diet for 1-2 days before the colonoscopy and drinking large amounts of fluid or laxatives to clean the colon.

Conclusion

Colon cancer is a preventable disease, and colonoscopy is an effective screening method that can save lives. By detecting and removing precancerous polyps, colonoscopy plays a crucial role in preventing colon cancer.

The procedure is safe, effective, and recommended for all adults at average risk starting at age 45.