Propolis is a sticky, resin-like substance that honey bees collect from different plants. The bees use it to seal gaps and cracks in their hives, protect their larvae from infections and predators, and mummify dead hive invaders.

Propolis has been used for various medical purposes by humans for centuries. Its ability to fight off cold and flu viruses has made it an increasingly popular natural supplement. But what exactly is propolis and is it really as effective as people claim?.

What is Propolis?

Propolis, also known as bee glue or hive dross, is a resin-like substance that honey bees collect from the buds, bark, and leaves of various plants. Bees extract it by chewing and mixing plant resins with their saliva, beeswax, and enzymes.

The resulting product is a sticky, brown, waxy substance that has a pleasant, sweet aroma.

Propolis contains over 300 different chemical compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, and various minerals and vitamins.

The exact composition of propolis varies depending on the location and season, as well as the plant sources that bees collect from.

What are the Health Benefits of Propolis?

Propolis has been used for various medicinal purposes for centuries. Its antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties have made it a popular natural remedy for colds, flu, sore throat, wounds, and other health conditions.

Some of the known health benefits of propolis include:.

Antimicrobial Properties

Propolis has been shown to have powerful antibacterial and antiviral properties. It can inhibit the growth of various harmful bacteria, such as staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella, as well as viruses, such as influenza, herpes, and HIV.

Propolis works by disrupting the cell membrane of microorganisms, preventing them from multiplying and causing infection.

Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Propolis also has strong anti-inflammatory properties. It can help reduce swelling, redness, and pain caused by inflammation, as well as stabilize mast cells that release histamine and other inflammatory compounds.

Some studies have shown that propolis can be as effective as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in reducing pain and inflammation.

Immune Boosting Properties

Propolis can also boost the immune system and help fight off infections.

It contains various antioxidants and immune-boosting compounds that can increase the production of white blood cells, enhance phagocytosis (the process by which immune cells engulf and destroy pathogens), and stimulate the production of cytokines (chemical messengers that regulate immune responses).

Does Propolis Really Work for Cold and Flu?

Propolis has long been used as a natural remedy for colds, flu, and other respiratory infections.

Its antimicrobial and immune-boosting properties make it an attractive alternative to commercial drugs, such as antibiotics and antivirals, which can have side effects and contribute to antibiotic resistance. But does propolis really work for cold and flu? The answer is yes and no.

Several studies have shown that propolis can be effective in reducing the severity and duration of cold and flu symptoms.

For example, a review of 10 clinical trials concluded that propolis could significantly reduce the duration of cold symptoms, such as cough, runny nose, and sore throat, by an average of 1.5 days compared to placebo. Another study found that propolis could effectively prevent flu infections in mice and reduce virus titers in infected cells.

However, not all studies have shown positive results.

A 2015 review of nine randomized controlled trials found that propolis could not significantly prevent or treat upper respiratory infections, such as colds and flu, compared to placebo or other interventions. Another study found that propolis did not decrease the duration or severity of cold symptoms in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

How to Take Propolis for Cold and Flu?

Propolis is available in various forms, including capsules, lozenges, tinctures, and creams. The dosages and forms of propolis that are most effective for cold and flu may vary depending on the individual and the severity of symptoms.

Generally, propolis is considered safe and well-tolerated, with few side effects. However, some people may be allergic to propolis or experience mild gastrointestinal disturbances, such as nausea and diarrhea.

If you are interested in taking propolis for cold and flu, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional first. They can help you determine the appropriate dosage and form of propolis based on your individual needs and health status.

Some general guidelines for taking propolis for cold and flu are:.

Capsules

Propolis capsules are a convenient way to take propolis orally. The recommended dosage is usually one to two capsules per day, taken with food and water. The dosage may vary depending on the concentration of propolis and the severity of symptoms.

Lozenges

Propolis lozenges are a popular way to soothe sore throat and cough symptoms. The recommended dosage is usually one to two lozenges every two to three hours as needed.

Lozenges may contain other ingredients, such as honey, menthol, and lemon, for additional symptom relief.

Tinctures

Propolis tinctures are a concentrated liquid extract of propolis that can be added to water, tea, or other beverages. The recommended dosage is usually 10-30 drops, one to three times per day. Tinctures may have a strong taste and odor.

Creams

Propolis creams and ointments are used topically to treat skin infections, wounds, and other skin conditions. The recommended dosage and application may vary depending on the specific product and condition.

Conclusion

Propolis is a natural substance that has been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. It contains various compounds that have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immune-boosting properties.

Propolis has been shown to be effective in reducing the severity and duration of cold and flu symptoms in some studies, but not all. Propolis is generally safe and well-tolerated, with few side effects, but it may cause allergic reactions or gastrointestinal disturbances in some individuals.

If you are interested in taking propolis for cold and flu, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional first to determine the appropriate dosage and form for your individual needs.