Glaucoma is a chronic medical condition that damages the optic nerve, frequently resulting in progressive vision loss and blindness.

It typically develops when the fluid pressure within the eye (intraocular pressure) becomes excessively high and affects the optic nerve. While other factors may also contribute to glaucoma, controlling eye pressure is the most effective way to slow the disease progression and protect vision.

What is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders that typically damage the optic nerve and progressively reduce vision. Although it can occur in anyone, it most commonly develops as people age.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most prevalent form, accounting for over 80% of glaucoma cases. It occurs when there are no obvious signs or symptoms until late in the disease, making regular eye exams critical.

Why is Eye Pressure Significant in Glaucoma?

The inner eye continually produces fluid, which drains out through a delicate meshwork before flowing into a vein. When this drainage system becomes obstructed, fluid accumulates, and the desire for increased fluid pressure within the eye.

This, in turn, compresses the optic disc and reduces the blood supply to the optic nerve, ultimately causing damage. Controlling eye pressure is vital in slowing down the progress of glaucoma and preserving vision.

How is Eye Pressure Controlled?

Treatment for glaucoma focuses on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP). Eye drops are the usual first-line treatment. They work by either reducing fluid production or increasing fluid flow (or both) to lower the pressure inside the eye.

If eye drops are not sufficient, other treatment options include laser therapy and surgery, both of which can help drain excess fluid out of the eye.

How Often Should You Get Your Eye Pressure Checked?

Early diagnosis and management of glaucoma are essential to preserve vision and slow down vision loss. Yet, since there are no early symptoms of glaucoma, regular comprehensive eye exams are critical to detect it early.

Most eye care experts recommend eye pressure screenings every two years for those aged 40 to 65. For people at high risk of developing glaucoma, frequent screenings are necessary, and they may need to start at an earlier age.

Who is at Higher Risk of Developing Glaucoma?

Although glaucoma can affect anyone, several risk factors make some people more susceptible to develop the condition:.

Age: People over 60 are more prone to develop glaucoma.
Genetics: If a close relative has glaucoma, you are at a higher risk of developing it.
Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and thyroid problems, increase the risk of developing glaucoma.
Eye injuries or surgery: Severe eye injuries or prior eye surgeries increase the risk of developing glaucoma.
Eye anatomy: Eyes with thin corneas or optic nerve vulnerability are more likely to develop glaucoma.

The Importance of Compliance with Treatment

Compliance with glaucoma treatment is essential for maintaining the desired eye pressure and ultimately preserving vision. However, adherence to medication is often compromised by side effects or forgetfulness.

Adequate communication between the patient and their medical team can help to identify and solve any problems that arise from the medication or other treatments. Also, there are many techniques and tools available to help improve the precision and comfort of taking medications to make it more manageable to comply with the prescription.

Conclusion

Glaucoma is a severe eye condition that damages the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss or blindness if left untreated.

Although other factors can also play a role, controlling eye pressure is the most effective way to slow the progression of glaucoma. Regular eye exams, adherence to treatment, communication with medical professionals, and using support tools can all help prevent vision loss and maintain good eye health.