The teenage years are a time of great change and exploration. It’s a time when young people are discovering their own identity, exploring their relationships, and learning about sexuality.

Unfortunately, the teenage years can also be a time of unintended pregnancies, with about 750,000 U.S. teens becoming pregnant every year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

The Importance of Teenage Contraception

Contraception, or birth control, is an important tool for preventing unintended pregnancies. It can also protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

With so many options available, it’s important for teenagers to be informed about their choices and the benefits and risks of each method. Fortunately, recent years have seen advancements in teenage contraception, providing teens with more options than ever before.

Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives

Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) are a popular choice for teenagers because they are highly effective, require minimal maintenance, and can provide long-term protection against unintended pregnancies.

There are two types of LARCs: intrauterine devices (IUDs) and contraceptive implants.

Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)

IUDs are small, T-shaped devices inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider. They can provide protection against pregnancy for up to 3-10 years, depending on the type of IUD.

IUDs are highly effective, with a less than 1% failure rate, making them one of the most effective methods of contraception available. IUDs are also one of the most cost-effective methods of contraception, making them a great choice for teenagers who might not have the financial resources to purchase other forms of birth control.

Contraceptive Implants

Contraceptive implants are another LARC option for teenagers. They are small, matchstick-sized rods that are inserted into the upper arm by a healthcare provider. They can provide protection against pregnancy for up to three years.

Like IUDs, contraceptive implants are highly effective, with a failure rate of less than 1%. They are also easy to use, require minimal maintenance, and can be removed at any time if a teenager decides to become pregnant.

Barrier Methods

Barrier methods of contraception work by physically blocking sperm from reaching the egg. They include condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps.

Barrier methods are a good choice for teenagers who are not ready to commit to a long-term contraceptive option or have concerns about hormonal contraception. Condoms are also the only method that provides protection against STIs.

Condoms

Condoms are a popular choice for teenagers because they are widely available, easy to use, and provide protection against both pregnancy and STIs. They come in a variety of sizes and styles, including latex, polyurethane, and lambskin.

Latex and polyurethane condoms are the most effective at preventing STIs and pregnancy, while lambskin condoms are only effective at preventing pregnancy.

Diaphragms and Cervical Caps

Diaphragms and cervical caps are devices that are inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix and prevent sperm from entering the uterus. They must be used with spermicide to be effective.

Diaphragms and cervical caps are less effective than other methods of contraception, with a failure rate of 6-12%. They also require a prescription from a healthcare provider and must be fitted to ensure they are the correct size.

Oral Contraceptives

Oral contraceptives, also known as birth control pills, are a popular choice for teenagers. They work by suppressing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching the egg.

Oral contraceptives are highly effective, with a failure rate of less than 1% when used correctly. However, they must be taken daily and at the same time each day to be effective. Some teenagers may also experience side effects such as nausea, breast tenderness, and mood changes.

Emergency Contraception

Emergency contraception, also known as the morning-after pill, is a backup method of contraception that can be used after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure.

It’s important for teenagers to be informed about emergency contraception and to have it on hand in case of an emergency. There are two types of emergency contraception: plan B and Ella. Plan B is available over-the-counter and should be taken as soon as possible after unprotected sex. Ella requires a prescription and can be effective up to five days after unprotected sex.

Sterilization

Sterilization is a permanent form of contraception and is generally not recommended for teenagers. It requires a surgical procedure to either block or cut the fallopian tubes or vas deferens.

Sterilization is highly effective and can provide lifelong protection against unintended pregnancies, but it’s important for teenagers to consider the permanence of the procedure and the possibility of regret later in life.

Conclusion

Teenage contraception has come a long way in recent years, providing teenagers with more options than ever before.

Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) are a highly effective and convenient choice for teenagers, while barrier methods and oral contraceptives are also popular options. Emergency contraception is an important backup option to have on hand in case of an emergency, and sterilization is a permanent option that should be carefully considered.

By understanding the benefits and risks of each method, teenagers can make informed choices about their contraceptive options and take control of their sexual health.