Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide.

Understanding the risk factors for CVD is crucial in preventing and managing the disease. Here are the leading causes of cardiovascular disease that everyone should be aware of:.

1. High Blood Pressure

High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a major risk factor for CVD.

When the force of blood against the walls of the arteries is too high, it can cause damage to the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular problems. High blood pressure often develops over time and may not have any symptoms until it causes a serious health problem.

2. High Blood Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a fat-like substance that is essential for many metabolic processes, including the production of hormones and the formation of cell membranes.

However, high levels of cholesterol in the blood can build up on the walls of arteries, leading to atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries) and increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

3. Obesity and Physical Inactivity

Obesity and physical inactivity are closely related to each other and are both major risk factors for CVD.

Being overweight or obese puts additional stress on the heart and blood vessels, while physical inactivity can lead to a range of health problems, including high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes.

4. Diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the body’s ability to use or produce insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels.

People with diabetes have a higher risk of developing CVD because high blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels and nerves that control the heart and blood vessels.

5. Smoking

Smoking is a major risk factor for a range of health problems, including CVD. The chemicals in tobacco smoke can damage the lining of blood vessels, increase blood pressure, and cause plaque buildup in the arteries.

6. Family History

A family history of CVD can increase your risk of developing the disease. If one or more of your close family members (parents, siblings, or children) has had a heart attack, stroke, or other cardiovascular problem, you may be at a higher risk.

7. Age

As you get older, your risk of developing CVD increases. Men over the age of 45 and women over the age of 55 are more likely to develop the disease than younger individuals.

8. Gender

Men are more likely to develop CVD than women, especially at a younger age. However, after menopause, women’s risk of heart disease increases significantly.

9. Race and Ethnicity

Some racial and ethnic groups have a higher risk of developing CVD than others.

For example, African Americans, Mexican Americans, and Native Americans have higher rates of high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity, which increase their risk of heart disease and stroke.

10. Stress

Stress, including both mental and emotional stress, can increase your risk of developing CVD. Chronic stress can cause an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and inflammation in the body, all of which can contribute to cardiovascular problems.

Preventing and managing cardiovascular disease requires a comprehensive approach that addresses all of these risk factors.

By making small lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, quitting smoking, and managing stress, you can reduce your risk of developing CVD and improve your overall health and well-being.