Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer in men. It is so common that one in nine American men is expected to receive a diagnosis in their lifetime according to the American Cancer Society.

Studies have shown that high testosterone levels in men increase the risk of prostate cancer. In this article, we will explore the link between high testosterone and prostate cancer, so you can have a better understanding of what you need to know.

What is Prostate Cancer?

The prostate gland is a small organ located between the bladder and the penis in men. It produces semen, which carries sperm.

Prostate cancer develops when the cells of the prostate gland start growing uncontrollably, and if left untreated, it can spread to other organs in the body.

What is Testosterone?

Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of male sex organs and characteristics, such as a deep voice and facial hair growth.

The testicles produce testosterone, and it plays a crucial role in the male reproductive system. It also helps promote muscle mass, bone density, and overall male health.

What is the Link between High Testosterone and Prostate Cancer?

Studies have shown that high levels of testosterone in men increase the risk of prostate cancer. The reason behind this is the increased androgen receptor activation in prostate cells.

Androgen receptors are proteins that bind to androgens such as testosterone. When testosterone levels are high, the androgen receptors become overstimulated, leading to prostate cell growth.

Another reason behind the link between high testosterone and prostate cancer is that testosterone is converted into dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase.

DHT is a potent androgen and binds to the androgen receptors in the prostate cells, leading to their uncontrolled growth.

What are the Symptoms of Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer does not always cause symptoms, especially in the early stages. However, as the cancer grows, it can cause the following symptoms:.

Difficulty urinating
A weak or interrupted flow of urine
Frequent urination, especially at night
Blood in the urine or semen
Pain or discomfort during ejaculation

How is Prostate Cancer Diagnosed?

Prostate cancer diagnosis usually begins with a physical exam, including a digital rectal exam (DRE) to feel the prostate gland for lumps or abnormalities. If the doctor suspects prostate cancer, they may recommend further tests, such as:.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test: A test to measure the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Transrectal ultrasound: A small probe inserted into the rectum emits sound waves to create images of the prostate gland.
Biopsy: A procedure to remove a small sample of prostate tissue for examination under a microscope.

How is Prostate Cancer Treated?

The treatment options for prostate cancer depend on various factors, such as the stage of cancer, overall health, and personal preferences. The treatment options include:.

Active surveillance: Monitoring the cancer progression closely and treating it only if it shows signs of growth or advancement.
Surgery: Removal of the prostate gland through surgery, known as prostatectomy.
Radiation therapy: The use of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells in the prostate gland.
Hormone therapy: Treatment to lower testosterone levels in the body to slow down the growth of prostate cancer.
Chemotherapy: The use of drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body.

Can you Prevent Prostate Cancer?

There is no sure way to prevent prostate cancer, but several lifestyle changes can reduce the risk of developing it, such as:.

Eating a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while avoiding processed and red meats.
Engaging in regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight.
Quitting smoking.
Limiting alcohol consumption.

Conclusion

Prostate cancer is a prevalent type of cancer in men, and high testosterone levels are one of the risk factors for its development.

Understanding the link between high testosterone and prostate cancer can increase the awareness of the importance of regular screening for prostate cancer. If you experience prostate cancer symptoms or have concerns about your prostate health, consult your healthcare provider.