Systemic Sclerosis (SSc), also known as scleroderma, is a rare, chronic autoimmune disease that affects the skin and internal organs.

It is estimated to affect around 1 in every 10,000 people, with women being four times more likely to develop the disease than men.

Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis

The diagnosis of systemic sclerosis can be challenging as the symptoms can vary widely, and there is no specific test for the disease. Diagnosis is usually based on a combination of clinical examination, lab tests, and imaging studies.

There are two main types of SSc: limited cutaneous SSc and diffuse cutaneous SSc, and the symptoms and treatment can differ for each type.

Some of the common tests and procedures used to diagnose SSc include:.

Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test
ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) test
Skin biopsy
Computed Tomography (CT) scan or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Pulmonary function tests

Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis

Currently, there is no cure for systemic sclerosis, and treatment aims at managing symptoms, preventing complications, and improving the patient’s quality of life.

Treatment is usually a combination of medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.

Some of the common medications used to treat SSc include:.

Immunosuppressants
Corticosteroids
Calcium channel blockers
Endothelin receptor antagonists
Prostaglandin analogs

Physical therapy is an important part of treatment to prevent joint stiffness, muscle atrophy, and skin contracture. Lifestyle modifications such as smoking cessation, healthy diet, and avoiding triggers can also help manage SSc symptoms.

Side Effects of Systemic Sclerosis Treatment

While SSc treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life, it can also have side effects. Immunosuppressants and corticosteroids can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of infections.

Calcium channel blockers and prostaglandin analogs can cause dizziness and low blood pressure.

Endothelin receptor antagonists can cause liver damage, so regular monitoring of liver function is necessary. In addition, some treatments can cause osteoporosis and increased risk of fractures.

Conclusion

Systemic Sclerosis is a rare, chronic autoimmune disease that affects the skin and internal organs. While there is no cure for the disease, treatment can help manage symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life.

Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and slow down the progression of the disease. However, it is important to be aware of the potential side effects of treatment and monitor for any adverse effects.