Aspirin, a common over-the-counter medication, is often taken to prevent heart attacks and strokes. It is widely believed that the benefits of aspirin outweigh the risks, but recent research has raised concerns about its safety.

This article explores the potential risks associated with using aspirin for long-term prevention, providing a balanced perspective on its use.

1. Gastrointestinal Bleeding

One of the most significant risks of using aspirin is gastrointestinal bleeding. Aspirin inhibits the production of certain chemicals in the body that help to protect the stomach lining.

Prolonged use of aspirin can cause irritation and damage to the stomach lining, leading to bleeding. This risk is higher in individuals with a history of ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, or those who take higher doses of aspirin.

2. Increased Risk of Hemorrhagic Strokes

While aspirin can help prevent ischemic strokes, which are caused by blood clots, it may increase the risk of hemorrhagic strokes. Hemorrhagic strokes occur due to the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.

Aspirin, by thinning the blood, can potentially increase the risk of bleeding in the brain, leading to a hemorrhagic stroke. The risk of hemorrhagic stroke is particularly higher in individuals who have preexisting conditions such as aneurysms or uncontrolled high blood pressure.

3. Allergic Reactions

Some individuals may be allergic to aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Allergic reactions to aspirin can range from mild symptoms like rashes and hives to severe reactions such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, and anaphylaxis. People with a known allergy to aspirin or NSAIDs should avoid taking aspirin, as it can lead to potentially life-threatening reactions.

4. Increased Bleeding Risk

Aspirin acts as a blood thinner, reducing the ability of blood to clot. While this property can help prevent heart attacks, strokes, and blood clots, it also increases the risk of bleeding, especially during surgeries or after an injury.

Individuals taking aspirin should inform their healthcare providers before undergoing any surgical procedures to mitigate the risk of excessive bleeding.

5. Interaction with Other Medications

Aspirin can interact with various medications, leading to potentially harmful effects. It may interfere with the effectiveness of certain blood pressure medications, increasing blood pressure and reducing their efficacy.

Additionally, aspirin can interact with anticoagulants such as warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding. It is essential to inform healthcare providers about all medications being taken to avoid adverse interactions.

6. Reye’s Syndrome in Children

Aspirin use in children or teenagers with viral infections such as chickenpox or the flu has been linked to the development of Reye’s syndrome.

This rare but severe condition affects the liver and brain, causing symptoms such as confusion, seizures, vomiting, and liver damage. Due to this risk, aspirin is generally not recommended for young individuals unless specifically advised by a healthcare professional.

7. Increased Risk of Kidney Problems

Prolonged use of aspirin can also increase the risk of developing kidney problems. The effects of aspirin on the kidneys are particularly significant in individuals with preexisting kidney conditions, such as chronic kidney disease.

It is crucial to monitor kidney function regularly when using aspirin long-term to avoid any potential complications.

8. Asthma Exacerbation

Aspirin-sensitive asthma is a condition in which individuals with asthma experience worsening symptoms after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. This reaction can lead to severe asthma attacks and difficulty breathing.

People with aspirin-sensitive asthma should avoid using aspirin or NSAIDs to prevent any exacerbation of their asthma symptoms.

9. Increased Risk of Tinnitus

Tinnitus, a perception of noise or ringing in the ears, is a potential side effect of aspirin use. Regular or high doses of aspirin can provoke or worsen tinnitus in some individuals.

If tinnitus develops while using aspirin, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance.

10. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Concerns

Aspirin use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is associated with certain risks. In the first and third trimester of pregnancy, aspirin can increase the risk of bleeding complications for the mother and the baby.

Aspirin can also pass into breast milk and may cause harm to nursing infants. Pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers should consult their healthcare provider before using aspirin.