The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate many bodily functions, including metabolism, energy levels, and body temperature.

When the thyroid gland is not functioning properly, it can have a significant impact on overall health and wellbeing. Here are the top signs that your thyroid may not be functioning properly.

1. Fatigue and Weakness

The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate energy levels in the body; therefore, when the gland is not functioning properly, it can lead to feelings of fatigue and weakness.

Many people may mistake these symptoms for simply feeling tired, but if fatigue and weakness continue despite getting enough sleep, it may be a sign of an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism).

2. Weight Changes

Another significant sign that your thyroid may not be functioning properly is changes in weight. An underactive thyroid can cause unexplained weight gain, while an overactive thyroid can cause sudden weight loss.

If you notice unexplained weight changes despite maintaining a healthy diet and exercise routine, talk to your doctor to determine whether thyroid function may be the culprit.

3. Hair Loss

If you’ve been noticing more hair falling out than usual, it may be a sign of thyroid dysfunction. Hair loss can be a symptom of an overactive or underactive thyroid gland.

When the thyroid is producing too much or too little hormone, it can disrupt the normal growth cycle of hair and lead to hair loss.

4. Changes in Heart Rate

The thyroid gland also plays a role in regulating heart rate. Thyroid hormone affects the speed at which the heart beats, so when the thyroid is not functioning properly, it can lead to changes in heart rate.

An overactive thyroid can cause the heart to beat faster than usual (called tachycardia), while an underactive thyroid can lead to a slower heartbeat (called bradycardia).

5. Irregular Menstrual Cycles

Thyroid dysfunction can also impact menstrual cycles in women. An underactive thyroid can lead to heavier and more frequent periods, while an overactive thyroid can cause shorter and lighter periods or even missed periods altogether.

If you notice any changes in your menstrual cycle, talk to your doctor to determine if thyroid function may be contributing.

6. Sleep Disturbances

Thyroid dysfunction can impact sleep in several ways. An underactive thyroid can lead to daytime sleepiness and an increased need for sleep, while an overactive thyroid can cause insomnia and difficulty falling asleep.

If you’re having trouble sleeping, talk to your doctor to determine if thyroid function may be playing a role.

7. Changes in Mood and Mental Function

Thyroid hormones also play a significant role in regulating mood and mental function. An underactive thyroid can lead to feelings of depression and brain fog, while an overactive thyroid can cause anxiety and irritability.

If you notice any changes in your mental health or cognitive function, talk to your doctor to determine if thyroid function may be contributing.

8. Changes in Body Temperature

The thyroid gland also plays a role in regulating body temperature. When thyroid function is disrupted, it can lead to changes in body temperature, such as feeling excessively cold or hot.

If you notice any sudden changes in body temperature, talk to your doctor to determine if thyroid function may be playing a role.

9. Dry Skin and Hair

Thyroid hormones help to regulate the proper moisture levels in the skin and hair. When the thyroid gland is not producing enough hormone, it can lead to dry, flaky skin and brittle hair.

If you notice any changes in the condition of your skin and hair, talk to your doctor to determine if thyroid function may be playing a role.

10. Swelling in the Neck

In some cases, thyroid dysfunction can cause swelling in the neck, also known as a goiter. A goiter may not cause any symptoms initially, but as it grows, it can lead to difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, and shortness of breath.

If you notice any swelling in your neck, talk to your doctor to determine if thyroid function may be the cause.