Fish is a healthy and nutritious food that is a great source of omega-3 fatty acids, high-quality protein, and essential vitamins and minerals.

However, for some people with eczema, fish can trigger an allergic reaction that can worsen the skin condition and cause other symptoms.

In this article, we will explore the relationship between fish and eczema allergies and how to manage the condition if you are sensitive to fish.

What Causes Eczema Allergies?

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. The exact cause of eczema is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

People with eczema have an overactive immune system that responds excessively to certain triggers, such as allergens, irritants, stress, and weather changes.

This immune response causes inflammation, itching, and redness of the skin, which can lead to dryness, flaking, and cracking.

Many people with eczema also have other allergies, such as food allergies, hay fever, and asthma.

Allergies occur when the immune system mistakenly identifies harmless substances, such as pollen, dust, or food, as potential threats and produces antibodies to fight them.

When the body encounters the allergen again, it releases histamine and other chemicals that cause allergy symptoms, such as itching, hives, swelling, and difficulty breathing.

What Are Fish Allergies?

Fish allergies are a type of food allergy that occurs when the immune system reacts to proteins found in fish. Fish allergies are more common in adults than children and can develop at any age.

The symptoms of fish allergies vary from person to person but may include:.

Hives or rash on the skin
Itching or tingling in the mouth
Swelling of the lips, face, tongue, or throat
Difficulty breathing or swallowing
Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
Dizziness or fainting

In severe cases, fish allergies can cause a life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis, which requires immediate medical attention.

Anaphylaxis can cause the airways to narrow, blood pressure to drop, and heart to stop, leading to unconsciousness or even death.

Which Types of Fish Are Most Likely to Cause Allergies?

Any type of fish can cause an allergic reaction, but some types are more likely to trigger a response than others. The protein responsible for most fish allergies is called parvalbumin, which is found in the muscles of fish.

According to the American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, the fish that are most likely to cause allergies are:.

Sardines
Tuna
Salmon
Halibut
Trout

Other types of fish that may cause allergies are cod, haddock, flounder, tilapia, catfish, and bass.

How Do Fish Allergies Affect Eczema?

For people with eczema, a fish allergy can aggravate the skin condition and cause flare-ups. The allergy can also cause other symptoms, such as itching, hives, and swelling, which can worsen the skin rash and inflammation.

Some people with eczema may experience a delayed allergic reaction to fish, which can occur several hours or even days after consuming the food.

This type of reaction is called a type IV or delayed hypersensitivity reaction and is mediated by immune cells called T cells.

The symptoms of a delayed allergic reaction to fish may include:.

Redness, itching, or rash on the skin
Swelling of the face, eyelids, or lips
Abdominal pain, cramps, or diarrhea

Unlike immediate allergic reactions, delayed hypersensitivity reactions do not involve histamine or other chemicals and, therefore, do not respond to antihistamines or other allergy medications.

How to Diagnose Fish Allergies?

To diagnose a fish allergy, your allergist may perform several tests, including:.

Skin prick test: a small amount of fish protein is injected into the skin to see if a reaction occurs
Blood test: a sample of blood is tested for the presence of antibodies to fish protein
Oral food challenge: a controlled trial in which you consume fish protein under medical supervision to see if an allergic reaction occurs

Your allergist will also ask you about your symptoms, medical history, and exposure to fish to determine whether the allergy is likely.

How to Manage a Fish Allergy if You Have Eczema?

If you have eczema and fish allergy, you should avoid eating fish or any foods that contain fish, such as fish oil supplements, smoked or canned fish, fish sauce, and imitation crab meat.

You should also check the labels of packaged foods for hidden sources of fish protein, such as Worcestershire sauce, soy sauce, and dressings.

If you accidentally consume fish or suspect that you have been exposed to fish protein, you should seek medical attention immediately.

Your doctor may prescribe an antihistamine, epinephrine, or other medication to relieve your symptoms and prevent anaphylaxis.

You should also carry an epinephrine auto-injector with you at all times and know how to use it in case of an emergency.

In addition, you should wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace that indicates your fish allergy, so that others can provide appropriate care if needed.

If you are allergic to fish, you may also be allergic to other types of seafood, such as shellfish.

Your allergist can perform further tests to determine your sensitivity to other foods and substances and provide you with a comprehensive management plan.

Conclusion

Fish allergy can worsen eczema and cause other symptoms that can be life-threatening. If you have eczema and fish allergy, you should avoid consuming fish and seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms.

Your allergist can help you manage your condition and provide you with the necessary tools and resources to maintain your health and well-being.

Remember, prevention is the best cure for fish allergy and eczema. By taking the necessary precautions and being aware of your triggers, you can avoid potential complications and live a healthy and fulfilling life.