Parkinson’s Disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a progressive condition that primarily affects movement, causing tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with balance and coordination.

While the exact cause of Parkinson’s Disease is unknown, researchers believe that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may play a role.

1. Tremors

One of the earliest and most common signs of Parkinson’s Disease is tremors. These involuntary shaking movements usually occur at rest and commonly start in the hands or fingers.

The tremors typically disappear or lessen when a person engages in intentional movement, such as reaching for an object. Over time, the tremors may spread to other parts of the body.

2. Bradykinesia

Bradykinesia refers to the slowness of movement associated with Parkinson’s Disease.

Individuals with Parkinson’s may experience difficulty initiating movement, which can make simple tasks like buttoning a shirt or getting out of a chair challenging. Bradykinesia can also affect fine motor skills, making it hard to write or perform delicate tasks.

3. Muscle Rigidity

Stiffness in the muscles is another telltale sign of Parkinson’s Disease. People with Parkinson’s may feel muscle tightness, making it challenging to move limbs smoothly.

The rigidity can lead to discomfort, pain, and a limited range of motion.

4. Impaired Balance and Coordination

As the disease progresses, individuals with Parkinson’s Disease may experience difficulties with balance and coordination. They may have a stooped posture, shuffle their feet while walking, or feel unsteady on their feet.

Loss of coordination can increase the risk of falls and injuries.

5. Changes in Speech

Parkinson’s Disease can affect speech and voice patterns. People with Parkinson’s may speak softly, slur their words, mumble, or have a monotone voice.

They may also experience difficulty with articulation and expressing their thoughts verbally.

6. Facial Masking

Facial masking or reduced facial expressions is another common symptom of Parkinson’s. People with the condition may have a fixed or blank facial expression, making it challenging for others to interpret their emotions or intentions.

7. Micrographia

Micrographia refers to the progressive and unintentional shrinking of handwriting. Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease may notice that their handwriting becomes smaller and harder to read over time.

8. Sleep Disturbances

Parkinson’s Disease can disrupt normal sleep patterns. People with the condition may experience insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, restless legs syndrome, or vivid nightmares.

Sleep disturbances can further contribute to fatigue and overall decreased quality of life.

9. Loss of Smell

An early sign of Parkinson’s Disease is a loss or reduced sense of smell, known as hyposmia or anosmia. This olfactory impairment can occur years before other motor symptoms manifest.

10. Mood and Cognitive Changes

Parkinson’s Disease can also affect a person’s mood and cognitive abilities. Some individuals may experience depression, anxiety, irritability, or apathy.

Cognitive changes may include problems with memory, attention, and executive functioning.