Colon and rectal cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a significant health concern, affecting millions of people worldwide.

Over the years, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of colon and rectal cancer, particularly in younger individuals. This article explores the latest research to help understand the factors contributing to the rise in colorectal cancer.

What is Colon and Rectal Cancer?

Colon and rectal cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the cells lining the colon and rectum. The colon and rectum are part of the large intestine and are responsible for absorbing water and processing waste material before elimination.

Colorectal cancer develops when the normal cell growth and repair processes are disrupted, causing abnormal cells to grow and form a tumor.

Trends in Incidence Rates

A report by the American Cancer Society (ACS) shows that the incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing in young and middle-aged adults.

According to the report, people born in the 1990s have double the risk of colon cancer and quadruple the risk of rectal cancer compared to those born in the 1950s. The incidence rates of colon and rectal cancer have also increased in older adults, although not to the same extent as in younger people.

The reasons for this increase are not entirely clear, but several factors are thought to be responsible, including changes in dietary patterns, sedentary lifestyles, and the increasing prevalence of obesity.

These factors may lead to an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer over time.

Obesity and Diet

In recent years, the increasing prevalence of obesity has been suggested as a significant risk factor for colon and rectal cancer.

Obesity is linked to an increased level of circulating insulin and insulin-like growth factor, which can promote the growth of abnormal cells in the colon and rectum. Obesity is also associated with chronic inflammation, which can further increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Dietary factors may also contribute to the development of colorectal cancer. A diet high in red meat, processed meat, and saturated fats has been linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer.

On the other hand, a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables may have a protective effect by reducing inflammation and promoting healthy cell growth and repair.

Screening Guidelines

The ACS recommends that individuals at average risk of colorectal cancer begin screening at age 45.

However, recent studies have shown an increased incidence of colorectal cancer in younger people, leading some experts to call for screening to begin at an earlier age. This recommendation implies that more data is needed on the efficacy of screening under the age of 45.

Conclusion

Understanding the factors contributing to the rise in colorectal cancer incidence is essential to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.

While changes in dietary habits, sedentary lifestyles, and increasing obesity rates may contribute to the increased incidence of colorectal cancer, more research is necessary to fully understand the causes. Screening for colon and rectal cancer is an important tool for early detection and can significantly improve the chances of successful treatment.

As research continues, it is hoped that prevention and treatment efforts can be enhanced to reduce the burden of colorectal cancer on individuals and society as a whole.