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Tuberculosis 101: Everything you need to know

Learn everything you need to know about tuberculosis (TB), including how it’s spread, how it’s diagnosed, and how it can be treated by nicolefox
Estimated reading time: 3 min 14 sec
Tuberculosis 101: Everything you need to know Photo by George Dolgikh on Pexels

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that can affect different parts of the body, but it typically attacks the lungs. The bacteria that causes TB is called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

How is TB spread?

TB is spread from person-to-person through the air. When a person with TB coughs, talks, or sneezes, tiny droplets that contain the bacteria are released into the air. If someone else inhales these droplets, they could contract the disease.

It’s important to note that TB is not spread through shaking hands or sharing food or drinks.

What are the symptoms of TB?

The symptoms of TB can vary depending on the part of the body that’s affected. Common symptoms of TB that affects the lungs include:.

  • Coughing that lasts for more than three weeks
  • Chest pain
  • Coughing up blood or sputum (phlegm/mucus)
  • Fever
  • Night sweats
  • Fatigue or weakness
  • Unexplained weight loss

How is TB diagnosed?

If you’re experiencing any of the symptoms listed above, it’s important to see a healthcare provider as soon as possible. Your provider may order a variety of tests to confirm a diagnosis of TB. These tests may include:.

  • Tuberculin skin test (also known as a PPD test)
  • Blood test
  • Chest x-ray
  • Sputum test (to examine phlegm/mucus for TB bacteria)

How is TB treated?

Fortunately, TB is a treatable disease. The typical treatment plan for TB involves taking several antibiotics for six to nine months.

It’s important to take all of the medication as prescribed to ensure that the bacteria is completely eliminated from your system. If you stop taking your medication early, the bacteria may become resistant to the drugs, which could make it more difficult to treat the disease in the future.

Who is at risk for TB?

Anyone can contract TB, but there are certain factors that can increase your risk. These factors include:.

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  • Being in close contact with someone who has TB
  • Living or traveling to an area where TB is common
  • Having a weakened immune system (from conditions such as HIV or diabetes)
  • Being a healthcare worker who is exposed to people with TB

How can TB be prevented?

The best way to prevent TB is to avoid close contact with people who have the disease. Additionally, if you’re at high risk for contracting TB, your healthcare provider may recommend a course of medication to help prevent the disease.

There is also a TB vaccine called Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), but it is not always effective and is not typically used in the United States.

Is TB a serious disease?

Yes, TB can be a serious disease, but with the proper diagnosis and treatment, most people are able to fully recover. If left untreated, TB can be fatal and can also cause long-term health problems.

Can TB be cured?

Yes, TB can be cured with antibiotics. It’s important to follow your treatment plan exactly as prescribed and to take all of the medication, even if you start to feel better before you’ve finished the entire course.

Can I go to work/school if I have TB?

If you have TB, your healthcare provider will likely recommend that you stay home until you’re no longer contagious.

Once you’ve been on medication for a period of time and are no longer contagious, you may be able to go back to work or school. It’s important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and to let your employer or school know about your diagnosis.

What should I do if I’ve been exposed to TB?

If you know that you’ve been in close contact with someone who has TB, it’s important to see a healthcare provider right away. Your provider may recommend a course of antibiotics to help prevent the disease from developing.

Additionally, it’s important to monitor your symptoms and to see a healthcare provider if you experience any of the symptoms listed above.

Disclaimer: This article serves as general information and should not be considered medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized guidance. Individual circumstances may vary.

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