Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a highly infectious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, and sometimes even lead to death.
The flu spreads easily and quickly from person to person through droplets in the air when someone with the virus coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also spread by touching something contaminated with the virus and then touching your mouth or nose. In recent years, the number of flu cases has increased significantly, with two new influenza cases admitted to ICU each day.
In this article, we will explore the severity of influenza and ways to prevent and manage it.
What are the Symptoms of Influenza?
Symptoms of influenza can be similar to those of a cold but may develop more quickly and severely. Common symptoms include:.
- Fever or feeling feverish/chills
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Muscle or body aches
- Headaches
- Fatigue (tiredness)
What are the Complications of Influenza?
Influenza can lead to severe complications, particularly in people who have weakened immune systems or underlying health conditions. These complications include:.
- Pneumonia
- Worsening of chronic medical conditions such as heart disease or asthma
- Ear infections
- Sinus infections
- Dehydration
- Neurological problems such as seizures
- Inflammation of the heart, brain, or muscle tissue
Who is at Risk of Influenza?
Anyone can get influenza, but some people are at higher risk of developing complications. These include:.
- Children under 5 years old
- Adults over 65 years old
- Pregnant women
- People with weakened immune systems
- People with chronic medical conditions such as heart disease, asthma, or diabetes
How to Prevent Influenza?
The best way to prevent influenza is to get vaccinated every year. The flu vaccine is recommended for everyone over 6 months old, especially for those at high risk of developing complications.
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ICU receives at least 2 new influenza patients daily.
The vaccine can reduce the risk of getting the flu by around 50-60% and even if you get the flu after vaccination, it can make the illness milder.
Other ways to prevent influenza include:.
- Washing your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or using alcohol-based hand sanitizers
- Avoiding close contact with people who are sick
- Covering your nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing or sneezing, and throwing the tissue away immediately
- Avoiding touching your eyes, nose, and mouth
- Cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched objects and surfaces at home, school, or work
How to Manage Influenza?
If you get influenza, it is important to rest, drink plenty of fluids, and take medications to relieve symptoms such as fever, cough, and pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help reduce fever and aches.
Antiviral medications may be prescribed by a doctor to shorten the duration of the illness and prevent complications, but they work best when taken within 48 hours of symptom onset.
If you develop severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, confusion, or severe vomiting, seek medical attention immediately. These may be signs of complications that require hospitalization.
Conclusion
Influenza is a serious illness that can lead to severe complications and even death. Two new influenza cases admitted to ICU each day is a worrying statistic, and highlights the importance of preventing and managing the flu.
Getting vaccinated, practicing good hygiene, and seeking medical attention when necessary can help reduce the spread and severity of influenza. Stay safe and healthy, and protect yourself and others from the flu.
