Fever is an increase in body temperature usually caused by illness.

It occurs when the hypothalamus, the part of the brain that regulates body temperature, raises the body’s internal temperature in response to an infection, inflammation, or other immune response.

A normal body temperature is between 36.5°C to 37.5°C. When the body temperature rises above 38°C, it is considered a fever. Although fever can be uncomfortable, it is usually not harmful to the body and helps to fight infections.

When to use antipyretics for fever

Antipyretics are drugs that are used to reduce fever. They work by inhibiting the production of chemicals called prostaglandins that are released in response to an infection or inflammation.

These chemicals raise the body’s temperature and cause fever. Antipyretics can be useful in reducing fever-related symptoms such as headache, muscle pain, and fatigue.

However, antipyretics do not treat the underlying cause of the fever. In most cases, fever is a symptom of an underlying medical condition, such as an infection.

It is important to identify and treat the underlying condition, rather than just treating the fever. In some cases, such as viral infections, fever may be a necessary part of the body’s immune response and should not be treated unless it reaches dangerous levels.

When to seek medical attention

Fever is usually not a cause for concern unless it reaches high temperatures or lasts for an extended period. In infants younger than three months, a fever higher than 38°C should be evaluated by a medical professional immediately.

It is also important to seek medical attention if a fever is accompanied by other symptoms such as:.

Severe headache
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Stiff neck
Confusion or disorientation
Severe vomiting or diarrhea
Chest pain or pressure
Seizures

Types of antipyretics

There are several types of antipyretics available, including:.

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve)
Corticosteroids

Acetaminophen and NSAIDs are the most commonly used antipyretics. Both drugs are available over-the-counter and are generally safe when used as directed.

Corticosteroids are a more potent form of antipyretic and are usually only prescribed in severe cases of fever or inflammation.

Dosage and administration

Antipyretics should be used according to the instructions on the label or as directed by a healthcare professional. The dosage will depend on the age, weight, and health status of the individual.

Acetaminophen and NSAIDs are usually taken orally in the form of tablets, capsules, or liquid suspensions. They can be taken with or without food, but should not be taken with alcohol or other medications that can cause liver damage.

Corticosteroids are usually administered by injection or intravenously in a medical setting.

Possible side effects

Although antipyretics are generally safe when used as directed, they can cause side effects in some people. Common side effects of acetaminophen and NSAIDs include:.

Stomach upset or nausea
Heartburn or indigestion
Headache
Dizziness or drowsiness
Allergic reactions in rare cases

Corticosteroids can cause more severe side effects, including:.

Increased risk of infections
Fluid retention or swelling
Weight gain or increased appetite
High blood pressure
Mood changes or irritability
High blood sugar
Thinning of the bones (osteoporosis)

Conclusion

Fever is a natural immune response to an infection or inflammation and is usually not harmful to the body.

Antipyretics such as acetaminophen and NSAIDs can be used to reduce fever-related symptoms, but should not be used to treat the underlying medical condition. It is important to seek medical attention if a fever is accompanied by other symptoms or if it reaches dangerous levels.